09 Nov Short Answer Questions
Short Answer Questions
- What does the color of a patient’s urine tell about how concentrated or dilute it is? How does urine color/concentration compare to the urine specific gravity at the same time?
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates the formation of concentrated or dilute urine. When and under what circumstances does a body secrete its highest amount of ADH? Explain your answer.
- Proteinuria (protein in the urine) after intense exercise is physiologically normal. However, protein is typically not present in urine at other times. Why is that?
- How do the kidneys work to maintain normal pH of the blood? Explain the relationship between the kidneys, lungs, and blood pH homeostasis.
- Trace a molecule of food as it moves through the digestive system and is absorbed into the blood stream. Describe what happens at each stage of the digestive process.
- The liver is known for its ability to remove certain toxins from the blood. It can perform this function because its cells, or hepatocytes, contain large quantities of lysosomes and peroxisomes, and also have an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Briefly describe how these three organelles contribute to this major function of the liver.
- Jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in her blood and tissues. What is the normal fate of bilirubin, and what role does the liver play? How is cirrhosis related to jaundice?
- The liver has a portal vein as well as a hepatic vein. It also has unique exchange blood vessels similar to capillaries, called “sinusoids.” How do these unique structures determine the function of the organ?
- Cirrhosis leads to scarring and increased hydrostatic pressure in the hepatic portal vein. Explain why this increased venous pressure causes net filtration to increase in the hepatic capillaries, leading to ascites (swollen and fluid-filled interstitial space of the abdomen).
- Explain why the underproduction of albumin by a cirrhotic liver contributes to excessive filtration, which leads to ascites. Refer again to the forces that determine net filtration pressure in the hepatic capillaries, and to the function of albumins.
*Some questions adapted from Pearson’s Mastering Instructor Resources for Amerman, E. C. (2019) Human anatomy & physiology (2nd ed.).
Assignment Expectations
Length: 1500-2000 words
Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. Please include an introduction and a conclusion paragraph for the assignment.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least three (3) scholarly sources to support your claims.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
File name: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”)
