21 Jan As a whole, humans wish they could be happier and experience less stress.? Given what were learning, what are some of the thing
Please reply TO EACH discussion question with a 200-word minimum
1) As a whole, humans wish they could be happier and experience less stress. Given what we’re learning, what are some of the things someone could do to decrease their level of stress and increase their level of happiness? Consider using yourself (or friends and family members) to provide detailed examples and please be specific.
2) Which major approach to understanding personality (e.g., Psychodynamic, Learning, Biological, Trait) do you identify with the most? In other words, which do you feel best represents how your personality was formed? Why? Please be specific and use examples if you can.
3) We learn about some of the major Psychological Disorders in Chapter 13. Which disorder (or set of disorders) fascinated you most? Why? Try to connect the disorder to a character from a TV show or movie. You do NOT need to discuss your personal experience with psychological disorders, but if someone chooses to, PLEASE be respectful!
4) Pick one of the major psychological disorders we learned about in Chapter 13 (it can be the one you wrote about in the Chapter 13 Discussion). Given what we know about the different types of therapy and treatment, how would you go about treating the disorder? Please be sure to explain your reasoning. Do you feel this type of treatment is generally the best? Why? What could be an alternative method of therapy/treatment?
5) We will often change the way we feel and the way we behave due to compliance or obedience, but sometimes, we’ll change as a result of no direct social pressure (i.e., we’ll conform). After learning about how the social world can affect the way people think, feel, and behave, what did you find to be the most fascinating concept(s)? Why? Where have you seen this exemplified in your life?
PSY-101: Principles of Psychology
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS?
● Abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that cause people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives ○ Deviant
■ Different from what’s culturally expected ○ Distressful
■ Causes unwanted negative emotions ○ Dysfunctional
■ Biology or psychology isn’t functioning as expected
THE DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
● First edition from 1952 ● Currently in the 5th edition (revised in 2013) ● 237 diagnosable disorders
■ Nearly half of all Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM disorder at some point in their life
THE CAUSES ● Is it supernatural forces?
○ E.g., Black magic, possession ● Is it biology?
○ E.g., Chemical imbalance, brain abnormality ● Is it environmental factors?
○ E.g., Childhood abuse, trauma
■ The Diathesis-Stress Model prevails! ○ A complex interaction between biology and environment
AN OVERVIEW OF WHAT WE’LL COVER…
● Anxiety Disorders ● Mood Disorders ● Schizophrenia ● Dissociative Disorders ● Personality Disorders ● “Childhood” Disorders
ANXIETY DISORDERS When anxiety occurs without logical external justification and begins to affect people’s daily functioning
Some major types ● Phobias ● Panic disorder ● Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) ● Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
PHOBIAS
ANXIETY DISORDERS Panic Disorder
● Usually have recurring panic attacks ● Anxiety suddenly rises to a peak and the person feels
a sense of impending, unavoidable doom
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ● Long-term, persistent, excessive, and uncontrollable
anxiety
ANXIETY DISORDERS Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ● Obsession
○ Persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring
● Compulsion ○ Irresistible urges to repeatedly carry out some act that
may seem strange and unreasonable to others ○ Helps control anxiety stemming from the obsession
MOOD DISORDERS Major Depressive Disorder
● Severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability
Bipolar Disorder ● Periods of alternating mania (state of elation) &
depression ● Periods of depression are usually longer than manic
periods
COMORBIDITY OF OCD AND
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER ● 41% of people
diagnosed with OCD also qualify for a major depressive disorder diagnosis
SCHIZOPHRENIA Refers to a class of disorders in which a severe distortion of reality occurs
● Disturbances of thought ● Delusions ● Hallucinations ● Emotional disturbances
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Characterized by the separation of different facets of a person’s personality that are normally integrated and work together
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) ● Formerly multiple personality disorder ● Characteristics of two (or more) distinct personalities,
identities, or personality fragments ● Controversial diagnosis
PERSONALITY DISORDERS Characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society (the DSM-5 recognizes 10 different personality disorders)
Antisocial Personality Disorder ● Show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society ● Lack guilt or anxiety about their wrongdoing ● Impulsive and lack the ability to withstand frustration ● Extremely manipulative & may have excellent social skills ● Commonly referred to as “psychopaths” or “sociopaths”
PERSONALITY DISORDERS Narcissistic Personality Disorder ● Characterized by an
exaggerated sense of self-importance
● Expect special treatment ● Have trouble experiencing
empathy for others
“CHILDHOOD” DISORDERS Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ● Marked by inattention, impulsiveness, low tolerance for
frustration, and generally a great deal of unexpected activity
Autism Spectrum Disorder ● Severe developmental disability that impairs children’s ability
to communicate and relate to others
A BETTER WAY OF VISUALIZING
THE AUTISM SPECTRUM
HELP ME BUILD A BETTER CLASS!
● Do you think there are things I should edit, add, or remove from these slides?
● Could I ask better discussion questions for this topic? What are they?
Please use this google doc to share your feedback
The material for these slides was adapted from:
Introduction to Psychology An open-access text written and edited
by multiple individuals and organizations
Greg Mullin, 2022 – Licensed CC BY – SA
,
PSY-101: Principles of Psychology
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
WHAT ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS?
● Abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that cause people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives ○ Deviant
■ Different from what’s culturally expected ○ Distressful
■ Causes unwanted negative emotions ○ Dysfunctional
■ Biology or psychology isn’t functioning as expected
THE DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
● First edition from 1952 ● Currently in the 5th edition (revised in 2013) ● 237 diagnosable disorders
■ Nearly half of all Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM disorder at some point in their life
THE CAUSES ● Is it supernatural forces?
○ E.g., Black magic, possession ● Is it biology?
○ E.g., Chemical imbalance, brain abnormality ● Is it environmental factors?
○ E.g., Childhood abuse, trauma
■ The Diathesis-Stress Model prevails! ○ A complex interaction between biology and environment
AN OVERVIEW OF WHAT WE’LL COVER…
● Anxiety Disorders ● Mood Disorders ● Schizophrenia ● Dissociative Disorders ● Personality Disorders ● “Childhood” Disorders
ANXIETY DISORDERS When anxiety occurs without logical external justification and begins to affect people’s daily functioning
Some major types ● Phobias ● Panic disorder ● Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) ● Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
PHOBIAS
ANXIETY DISORDERS Panic Disorder
● Usually have recurring panic attacks ● Anxiety suddenly rises to a peak and the person feels
a sense of impending, unavoidable doom
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ● Long-term, persistent, excessive, and uncontrollable
anxiety
ANXIETY DISORDERS Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ● Obsession
○ Persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring
● Compulsion ○ Irresistible urges to repeatedly carry out some act that
may seem strange and unreasonable to others ○ Helps control anxiety stemming from the obsession
MOOD DISORDERS Major Depressive Disorder
● Severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability
Bipolar Disorder ● Periods of alternating mania (state of elation) &
depression ● Periods of depression are usually longer than manic
periods
COMORBIDITY OF OCD AND
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER ● 41% of people
diagnosed with OCD also qualify for a major depressive disorder diagnosis
SCHIZOPHRENIA Refers to a class of disorders in which a severe distortion of reality occurs
● Disturbances of thought ● Delusions ● Hallucinations ● Emotional disturbances
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS Characterized by the separation of different facets of a person’s personality that are normally integrated and work together
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) ● Formerly multiple personality disorder ● Characteristics of two (or more) distinct personalities,
identities, or personality fragments ● Controversial diagnosis
PERSONALITY DISORDERS Characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society (the DSM-5 recognizes 10 different personality disorders)
Antisocial Personality Disorder ● Show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society ● Lack guilt or anxiety about their wrongdoing ● Impulsive and lack the ability to withstand frustration ● Extremely manipulative & may have excellent social skills ● Commonly referred to as “psychopaths” or “sociopaths”
PERSONALITY DISORDERS Narcissistic Personality Disorder ● Characterized by an
exaggerated sense of self-importance
● Expect special treatment ● Have trouble experiencing
empathy for others
“CHILDHOOD” DISORDERS Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ● Marked by inattention, impulsiveness, low tolerance for
frustration, and generally a great deal of unexpected activity
Autism Spectrum Disorder ● Severe developmental disability that impairs children’s ability
to communicate and relate to others
A BETTER WAY OF VISUALIZING
THE AUTISM SPECTRUM
HELP ME BUILD A BETTER CLASS!
● Do you think there are things I should edit, add, or remove from these slides?
● Could I ask better discussion questions for this topic? What are they?
Please use this google doc to share your feedback
The material for these slides was adapted from:
Introduction to Psychology An open-access text written and edited
by multiple individuals and organizations
Greg Mullin, 2022 – Licensed CC BY – SA
