01 Oct The adaptive immune response is non-specific
1) The adaptive immune response is non-specific
2) The adaptive defense must first be primed by exposure to an antigen
3) Humoral immunity is mediated by cells
4) Immunological memory – protection against the recurring infection
5) In vivo stem cells are rapidly dividing
6) Neutrophils are granulocytes
7) Both basophils and mast cells are responsible for inflammatory and allergic reactions
8) Monocytes migrate from the blood stream into tissues and become dendritic cells
9) Dendritic cells process and present foreign molecules as antigens to T-lymphocytes
10) Plasma cells secrete large volumes of antibodies
11) Lymphocytes belong to granulocytes
12) IgM are widely used in molecular and cell biology as well as in clinical lab applications
13) Signal transduction means that the original signaling molecule is not physically passed along a signaling pathway
14) Autocrine signals target cells in the vicinity of the emitting cell
15) Antigens are signaling molecules for immune cells
16) Complement enhances inflammation
17) Complement is the main factor in the membrane attack complex
18) The resulting from complement activation smaller polypeptide fragments induce and promote inflammation
19) Properdin enhances complement activation
20) Lysozyme is present in lymphocytes
21) Lysozyme is thermally stable at the temperature up to 72 ? and at pH 5.0
22) Lysozyme plays an important role in immunology of infants
23) Opsonization – coating the phagocytes with proteins that facilitate phagocytosis
24) Macrophages are monocytes that move from the blood to tissues
25) M2 macrophages induce inflammation
26) Dendritic cells are present in those tissues that are in contact with the external environment
27) Dendritic cells process antigens and present them on the cell surface to the T cells
28) Neutrophils act mainly on viruses and parasites
29) Neutrophils are first responders to the sites of inflammation
30) Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme that is most abundantly present in the granules of neutrophils
31) Natural antibodies are important in preventing autoimmunity
32) Anti-microbial peptides (cationic and anionic proteins) exemplify the microbiological barrier
33) Antimicrobial peptides may act as immunomodulators
34) Myeloperoxidase enhances inflammation and apoptosis
35) Inflammation is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators
36) One of the functions of inflammation is to initiate tissue repair
37) Interleukins are cytokines that are produced and act on cells within all tissues 1
38) Macrophages secrete cytokines that attract other immune cells to the sites of inflammation
39) IL-8 is one of the inflammatory cytokines that are secreted by macrophages
40) IL-12 recruit NK cells
41) Toll-like receptors directly participate in phagocytosis
42) Toll-like receptors are expressed only on macrophages
43) NFkappaB is one of the most important genes that are activated by TLRs
44) Interferons can be released only by immune cells
45) Interferons may also be released in response to bacteria, parasites and tumor cells
46) IFN-α and IFN-β act mainly against viral infections
47) IFN-γ is critical for both innate and adaptive immunity
48) IFN-γ is an important activator of macrophages
49) NK do not require activation to kill their target cells
50) NK cells uniquely express CD3 marker 2
