25 Jan Hey! I need help i have a bio final next week and I need to study. I need you to make a small description or definition of each item that is below: Chapter 6 Digestion and Human Health desc
Hey! I need help i have a bio final next week and I need to study. I need you to make a small description or definition of each item that is below:
Chapter 6 Digestion and Human Health
describe the chemical nature of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
explain how carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are synthesized and how they are broken down (hydrolyzed)
macromolecules
dehydration synthesis
hydrolysis
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
peptide bond
nucleic acids
vitamins
minerals
catalyst
enzyme
identify the main structures and functions of the digestive system
describe the physical and chemical processing of food through the digestive system and into the bloodstream
explain the action of enzymes in chemical digestion
how digested molecules enter the bloodstream
digestive system
mouth
amylase
esophagus
peristalsis
esophageal sphincter
stomach
pyloric sphincter
pepsin
small intestine
segmentation
duodenum
villi
microvilli
pancreas
liver
gall bladder
carbohydrases
lipases
proteases
nucleases
gastrin
secretin
CCK
GIP
large intestine
ulcer
inflammatory bowel disease
hepatitis
cirrhosis
gallstones
anorexia nervosa
obesity
Chapter 7 Respiratory System
identify the structures and functions of the respiratory system
nasal passages
pharynx
epiglottis
glottis
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
pleural membrane
explain the mechanics of breathing
how gases are exchanged between the respiratory system and the external environment
factors that affect the rate of respiration
diaphragm
rib muscles
inhalation
exhalation
spirograph
tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
vital capacity
residual volume
external respiration
internal respiration
specific diseases
technologies that may be used to treat these respiratory diseases
physiological effects of smoking and the limitation of technologies to address these effects
tonsillitis
laryngitis
bronchitis
pneumonia
pleurisy
emphysema
cystic fibrosis
asthma
lung cancer
carcinoma
carcinogen
Chapter 8 Circulatory System and Immunity
identify the major structures of the circulatory system
the structure and function of blood vessels
the action of the heart and the circulation of blood through the body
disorders of the circulatory system and technologies used to treat them
atria
ventricles
septum
vena cavae
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
aorta
valves
arteries
veins
capillaries
sinoatrial (SA) node
atrioventricular (AV) node
blood pressure
systolic pressure
diastolic pressure
pulmonary pathway
systemic pathway
coronary pathway
the main components of blood
explain the role of blood in regulating body temperature
explain the role of the circulatory system, at the capillary level, in the exchange of matter and energy
identify certain blood disorders and the technologies used to treat them
plasma
formed portion
red blood cells
erythrocytes
hemoglobin
white blood cells
leucocytes
platelets
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
interstitial fluid
hemophilia
leukemia
describe and explain the function of the lymphatic system
identify and list the main cellular and non-cellular components of the human defense system
describe the role of the cellular and non-cellular components of the human defense system
lymphatic circulatory system
lymph
non-specific defenses
cell-mediated immunity
phagocytosis
macrophages
immunity
specific defenses
antibody-mediated immunity
antibodies
lymphocytes
B cells
T cells
antigens
helper T cells
killer T cells
suppressor T cells
memory T cells
ABO system
Rh factor
Chapter 9 Excretion and Interaction of Systems
identify the main structures and functions of the human excretory system
explain the function of the nephron
excretory system
excretion
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
nephrons
renal arteries
glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
filtrate
collecting duct
renal veins
explain the function of the nephron in maintaining the composition of blood plasma
describe the function of the kidney in excreting
metabolic wastes and expelling them into the environment
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
water reabsorption
proximal tubule
loop of Henle
distal tubule
describe how the kidneys contribute to homeostasis with respect to water and ions
relate the design of dialysis technologies to the design of the kidney
antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
renal insufficiency
dialysis
hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
Chapter 10 Muscular System
• observe and compare the three types of muscle tissue
• describe the action of actin and myosin in muscle contraction and heat production
• identify the sources of energy for muscle contraction
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
muscle fibres
myofibrils
myofilaments
actin myofilament
myosin myofilament
sliding filament model
explain how the skeletal muscles of the motor system support other body systems to maintain homeostasis
identify conditions that impair the healthy functioning of muscles and technologies that are used to treat or prevent these conditions
describe the benefits of exercise for maintaining the healthy structure and functioning of muscles
atrophy
hypertrophy
muscle twitch
slow-twitch fibres
fast-twitch fibres
