23 Feb What are the three key actors in an iron triangle?1.executive agencies, private interest groups, and members of Congressa.the president, journalists, and subject matter expertsb.members of C
history practice test / quiz and need an explanation and answer to help me learn.
100 Question – Multiple Choice Homework Help.
Requirements: 100
What are the three key actors in an iron triangle?1.executive agencies, private interest groups, and members of Congressa.the president, journalists, and subject matter expertsb.members of Congress, interest groups, and the American peoplec.American citizens, journalists, and researchersd.The elections that occur midway between presidential elections are called ______.2.open racesa.incumbency electionsb.House electionsc.midterm congressional electionsd.All of the following are the general characteristics of an interest group that may have significantbearing on how powerful that groups influence will be in Washington EXCEPT:3.the size of the membershipa.the wealth of the membersb.the location of the groupc.the dedication of members to the goals of the groupd.Which term refers to the idea that the ultimate source of power in the nation is held by the people?4.popular sovereigntya.direct democracyb.representative democracyc.natural lawd.What is an interest group engaging in when they decide to file a lawsuit as a way of achieving theirgoals?5.a persuasion campaigna.1
grassroots lobbyingb.litigationc.forming a PACd.The Constitution lays out the requirements for president in ______.6.Article Ia.Article IIb.Article IIIc.Article IVd.Which idea justifies the creation of the right to privacy?7.The language within the Ninth Amendment leaves room for additional rights not listed.a.The Supreme Courts ability to conduct judicial review permits it to create new rights.b.Documents discovered suggest that James Madison believed in a right to privacy.c.Since the right to vote was added to the Constitution, the right to privacy can, too.d.What impact has the iron triangle had on the function of policymaking in American politics?8.It has lessened the influence of interest groups on public policy.a.It has prioritized military interest groups over all other interest groups.b.It has solidified the role of interest groups in the formation of policy.c.It has made the American public more accepting of the role of interest groups.d.In the book titled, _______, by Benjamin Page and Robert Shapiro, decades of public opinion polldata showed that over the long haul, public opinion on many issues remains fairly stable, and when itchanges, it moves in logical directions.9.Democracy in Americaa.The Semi-sovereign Peopleb.The Responsible Electoratec.The Rational Publicd.A(n) ______ is a form of government in which a small exclusive class, which may or may notattempt to rule on behalf of the people as a whole, holds supreme power.10.monarchya.anarchyb.2
theocracyc.oligarchyd.In order for an amendment to be ratified, how many special ratification conventions held in thestates must approve the amendment?11.one-halfa.two-thirdsb.three-fourthsc.all 50 statesd.Which interest group has made effective use of the litigation tactic to advance equal rights and anti-discrimination policies?12.the Occupational Safety and Health Administrationa.the AARPb.Common Causec.the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)d.Which types of grants are given from the federal government to the states and may be used at thediscretion of states to pursue more generalized aims?13.grants-in-aida.block grantsb.discretionary grantsc.Security grantsd.How does the health care system in the United States differ from the systems in other modernindustrial nations?14.The United States has a mostly privatized health care system, while others have universal healthcare.a.The United States provides less costly health care services than most other nations.b.The United States has a free, universal health care system that most other nations do not have.c.The United States has a higher standard of care than other modern industrial nations.d.If someone wants to appeal a decision made by a federal district court, he or she may appeal to______.15.one of 13 federal appeals courtsa.3
the U.S. Supreme Court.b.the state supreme courtc.a trial courtd.A decline in voter attachment to parties and in clarity of party coalition is known as _____.16.divided governmenta.dealignmentb.universal suffragec.proportional representationd.Why was Andrew Jackson able to expand the power of the presidency?17.The Supreme Court granted the president additional powers.a.The expansion of power was largely a function of his personality.b.The office of the president was expanding more and more anyway.c.The Constitution was being interpreted more loosely by presidents.d.One issue with federalism is that it can cause lawmakers to play the blame game,? which refers tothem ______.18.creating fiscal disparitiesa.relying too much on the courtsb.having a lack of accountabilityc.accusing voters of inactiond.A _____ is a document outlining the partys position on important policy issues.19.political waivera.voting platformb.party platformc.voter guided._______ was the first president to hold regular news conferences as we know them today as ameans of explaining his administrations policies and appealing directly to the public for support.20.John F. Kennedya.Dwight D. Eisenhowerb.Woodrow Wilsonc.4
Richard Nixond.The U.S. Supreme Courts requirement that an individual who is arrested must be read a statementthat explains the persons right to remain silent and the right to an attorney is known as a ______.21.good faith exceptiona.Miranda warningb.double jeopardy clausec.preemptiond.A ______ is the amount by which the U.S. governments revenue exceeds its spending in a givenfiscal year.22.budget authoritya.flat taxb.budget deficitc.budget surplusd.An election that requires voters to declare their party affiliation ahead of time is known as a _____.23.open primarya.presidential primaryb.closed primaryc.invisible primaryd.What is the significance of the House Ways and Means Committee?24.It is the only committee that has the power to report legislation.a.It is the primary author of the tax bills, which must originate in the House.b.It is the first committee that was ever formed in Congress.c.It holds most of the subcommittees in the House within it.d.Which is an example of the president acting as an effective chief legislator?25.Franklin Roosevelts implementation of New Deal policiesa.Donald Trumps construction of the southern border wallb.George W. Bushs call to send troops into the Middle Eastc.Ronald Reagans interactions with the Soviet Uniond.A sample that uses the theory of probability to select a random population to poll is considered26.5
______.biaseda.unscientificb.scientificc.partisand.The period of time from the late 1700s through the early-to-mid 1800s during which newspaperssupported a particular political party is known as the ______.27.printing revolutiona.partisan press erab.ratification debatesc.Civil War erad.What can the various economic recessions and depressions throughout United States history signalabout capitalism?28.Such cyclical economic conditions show that one major event does not mean capitalism is dead.a.These hard economic times have strengthened the system of capitalism in the United States.b.A history of several economic recessions and the Depression suggest capitalism is a volatilesystem needing reform.c.Such economic hardships indicate that a socialist economic system would be far more successful.d.Suppose it is the 1792 and there is an election coming up. You have the choice between candidateswho support George Washingtons administration and promote a stronger national government, orcandidates who are critical of Washingtons first term and suspicious of the United States ties withGreat Britain. You decide that you support George Washington as president, since you believe hehas done a fine job so far. Which party are you most likely to align with in the coming election?29.the Democratic Partya.the Whig Partyb.the Federalist Partyc.the Democratic-Republican Partyd.What happens once briefs have been submitted from both parties and from outside interest groups?30.The Court will make its decision.a.The Court will issue opinions.b.The Court will hear oral arguments.c.6
The Court will decide if it will take the case.d.______ is defined as a philosophical guide that people use to help translate their values and beliefsinto political preferences.31.Political ideologya.Valuesb.Political socializationc.primary tendencyd.What is the term used to describe how interest groups go about influencing government officials?32.pluralisma.lobbyingb.litigationc.majoritarianismd.What is the primary function of the first eight amendments within the Bill of Rights?33.to guarantee specific rights to the peoplea.to extend guaranteed rights to African Americans and womenb.to list which rights are granted to the statesc.to describe the division of power between states and the federal governmentd.What made civil disobedience so effective for the civil rights movement in the American South?34.It showed just how far the civil rights movement was willing to go to secure equality.a.It demonstrated to government officials that law enforcement was no match for the protesters.b.It showed how politically active and powerful the African American population could be.c.It brought public and widespread attention to the poor treatment of African Americans.d.The rights included in the bill of rights can be classified as ______.35.only applying to men who owned propertya.rights that all people should be entitled tob.temporary and capable of being rescindedc.arbitrary and thus illegitimate in some respectsd.The idea that congressional candidates benefit from being on the ballot during a presidentialelection year is known as ______.36.7
partisan benefita.the coattail effectb.candidate efficacyc.presidential advantaged.______ are defined as factors that have a significant impact on an individuals socialization topolitics.37.Ideologiesa.Public opinionsb.Agents of political socializationc.Preferencesd.What are intergovernmental lobbies?38.interest groups that exist within the committees and subcommittees of Congressa.interest groups collectively representing states, cities, and other governmentsb.organizations of special interests within executive bureaucratic agenciesc.interest groups that work to influence intergovernmental organizations like the U.N.d.______ imposes a limit on publication before the material has actually been published.39.Sabotagea.Libelb.Slanderc.Prior restraintd.Suppose an editor of a newspaper is approached by a woman who says that a prominent U.S.senator made inappropriate advances toward her years ago. When the newspaper reached out forcomment, the Senator denied the allegations and was able to provide concrete proof he wasinnocent of the allegations, but the newspaper published the story anyway with the hope that itwould harm the senators chances at re-election. What would this likely be an example of?40.prior restrainta.slanderb.libelc.sabotaged.During which phase of the presidential selection process do political parties select people to run for41.8
president and vice president?the primary phasea.the application phaseb.the general election phasec.the nomination phased.Which type of poll gathers the opinions of people who are conveniently available in a particulargathering place?42.intercept polla.unscientific pollb.straw pollc.pseudo polld.Who makes up the presidents cabinet?43.members of the White House staffa.heads of executive departments and other important officialsb.key members of Congress from the presidents partyc.the chairs of congressional committeesd.What motive is there for judges and Supreme Court justices to adopt a strict constructionistinterpretation of the Constitution?44.Doing so allows the Constitution to adapt to the changes in society.a.Strict constructionism gives the judicial branch more power.b.It ensures the government does not overreach in its powers.c.Doing so improves the public perception of the judicial branch.d.What is the defining characteristic of television?45.its high accessibilitya.its entertainment valueb.its visual naturec.its trustworthinessd.What role does the judicial branch play in a nation that uses a common law system?46.In common law, the judicial branch determines if laws passed by Congress are viable anda.9
legitimate.The judicial branch establishes a set of laws through precedent in a common law system.b.In a common law system, the judicial branch does not play much of a role at all.c.Under a common law system, the judicial branch is responsible for enforcing laws set byCongress.d.Who is considered the father of the national party organization?47.Andrew Jacksona.Thomas Jeffersonb.George Washingtonc.Alexander Hamiltond.What is the relationship between college attendance and being elected president?48.Nearly all presidents are considered self-made and never attended college.a.Most presidents have held an advanced law degree.b.Nearly every president has attended college.c.Most presidents attended some college but did not graduate.d.________ is the term for donations that are made directly to political candidates and theircampaigns that must be declared with the name of the donor (which then becomes publicknowledge).49.Soft moneya.Public moneyb.Dark moneyc.Hard moneyd.How did the government attempt to limit the exposure of children to violent or graphic programs inthe 1990s?50.It required that all television programs adhere to a set of strict standards.a.It required all TV manufacturers to install a V-chip that parents could program.b.It restricted all childrens programs to one specific channel.c.It took control over childrens television programming completely.d.Which statement best describes a writ of certiorari?51.the order by which the Supreme Court agrees to hear a case on appeala.10
the document filed by both parties describing the case to present to the Supreme Courtb.the document submitted by interest groups and others to influence a decisionc.the final decision that is made by the Supreme Court, which has the force of lawd.The large differences in usage of the internet between older and younger people, lower- and middle-upper-class people, lesser and better educated people, and minority groups and nonminority groupsis known as the ______.52.internet barriera.computer clashingb.digital dividec.computer divided.Which theory regarding the effects of media on attitudes of viewers or readers suggests that themedia has little to no effect on how people vote in elections?53.the agenda-setting theorya.social learning theoryb.minimal effects theoryc.cultivation theoryd.Which government plan was also known as the large states plan??54.The Minnesota Plana.The Great Compromiseb.The New Jersey Planc.The Virginia Pland.Cultivation theory is the idea that ______.55.viewers imitate what they see on TV through observational learninga.heavy television exposure helps develop an individuals overall view of the worldb.voting decisions are not impacted by the media due to preexisting beliefsc.the media can persuade the public to support one policy over anotherd.In the United States, the federal government has the power to propose amendments to theConstitution, while the states have the power to ratify those amendments. This division of powerover the amendment process is an example of ______.56.tyrannya.11
government overreachb.federalismc.a confederation of statesd.Which option summarizes the authoritarian type of government?57.a government in which the people hold most of the controla.a government in which a royal family rules over subjectsb.a government that is ruled according to a particular religionc.a government in which one entity exercises absolute controld.A representative democracy is one in which ______.58.the citizens directly influence public policya.the citizens choose the individuals who make and enforce policyb.the central government exercises significant power over citizensc.the wealthy and well-educated are the sole participantsd.In “The Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith described the economic measures required to make acountry wealthy. He described a ______ system built on the division of labor, low governmentintervention, and the entrepreneurship of private individuals who controlled the means of production.59.socialista.capitalistb.supply-sidec.Keynesiand.Which core value defines American political culture?60.majority rulea.Christianityb.common ancestryc.collective responsibilityd.Why is the power of incumbency considered the most important factor in congressional elections?61.Incumbent candidates have the benefit of name recognition and federal resources.a.Voters will turn out in higher numbers if there is an incumbent on the ballot.b.Incumbent candidates are hard to remove during an election due to corrupt practices.c.12
The power of incumbency is what allows Congress to make effective laws and regulations.d.Suppose the president has just issued an executive order, unchallenged by Congress, that makesElection Day a federal holiday and requires states to streamline voter registration requirements.What effect will this likely have on voter turnout?62.Voter turnout will decrease.a.Voter turnout will increase.b.Voter turnout will stay the same.c.Voter turnout will be near 100%.d.Who is often responsible for resolving disagreements between the states and the federalgovernment under the system of federalism?63.the American peoplea.the presidentb.the House of Representativesc.the courtsd.The traditional right of members of Congress to mail materials to their constituents without payingpostage is known as ______.64.franking privilegea.frontloadingb.coattail effectc.soft moneyd.The idea that the government should increase spending in times of economic struggle to raisedemand for goods and services is characteristic of which economic theory?65.Keynesian economic theorya.trickle-down economic theoryb.supply-side economicsc.laissez-faire economicsd.What impact did the September 11, 2001 attacks have on the presidency?66.They allowed President Bush to expand executive power to enter into a war on terrorism.a.The attacks led President Bush to adopt an isolationist foreign policy.b.They caused President Bush to scale back military occupations in the Middle East.c.13
They forced President Bush to devolve authority over national security to the states.d.Permanent committees that focus on a substantive policy issue are considered which type ofcommittee?67.select committeea.standing committeeb.joint committeec.conference committeed.Which federal legislation (1) restricted soft money spent by political parties, (2) regulatedexpenditures on ads that refer to specific candidates immediately before an election, and (3)increased limits on hard money donated directly to candidates and their campaigns?68.the Federal Election Campaign Acta.the Federal Election Commission Establishment Actb.the Citizens United Actc.the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Actd.Which is an example of an individual or group achieving political equality?69.African Americans securing the full ability to votea.a woman who has been admitted to a public universityb.a wheelchair-bound man who can access a public officec.a man who makes below $20,000 per year receiving tax breaksd.Of the discussed characteristics of public opinion that analysts seek to measure, which is the MOSTbasic?70.intensitya.changeabilityb.directionc.continuityd.Which fiscal policy favors almost no government intervention in the economy?71.Keynesian economic theorya.laissez-faire economicsb.supply-side economicsc.democratic socialist economicsd.14
What is the primary role of the White House press secretary?72.to manage, organize, and coordinate White House staffa.to maintain open lines of communication between the president and the mediab.to advise the president on which types of policy would be most popular to enactc.to conduct public opinion polls and report them to major news organizationsd.When are all the seats in the House of Representatives up for re-election?73.on odd-number yearsa.during midterm election yearsb.each yearc.the same time as all the Senate seatsd.Which theory postulates that viewers imitate what they view on television through observationallearning?74.social learning theorya.minimal effects theoryb.agenda-setting theoryc.cultivation theoryd.What led to the formation of the Democratic Party?75.the ratification of the United States Constitutiona.the outcome of the 1824 electionb.the abolition of slavery in the United Statesc.the death of Alexander Hamiltond.______ is the capacity to get individuals to do something that they may not otherwise do, such aspay taxes, stop for red lights, or submit to a search before boarding an airplane.76.Legitimacya.Politicsb.Powerc.Monarchyd.What happened in 1923 that changed the way information about news and politics wascommunicated to the American people?77.15
The telegraph system was expanded.a.The first radio station was established.b.The television was invented.c.The telephone was invented.d._____ is defined as the journalistic standard that news reporting of events must be factual,accurate, fair, and equitable.78.Exclusivitya.Objectivityb.Subjectivityc.Biasd.Which industry experienced deregulation in the 1970s and 1980s?79.manufacturinga.transportationb.service and hospitalityc.health cared.Money that is donated to a political party or an advocacy group that might support a candidate, butnot directly to the candidate, is known as ______.80.hard moneya.dark moneyb.soft moneyc.public moneyd.A _____ is an internet site that include a combination of editorial page, personal web page, andonline diary of personal observations in real time about news events and issues.81.browsera.clickbaitb.blogc.cloudd.What is the underlying idea behind the coattail effect?82.Voters tend to support congressional candidates in the party opposite their selection for president.a.16
Voters pay more attention to all aspects of an election when the president is on the ballot.b.Voters will turnout in higher numbers, which boosts a congressional candidates chances ofelection.c.Voters will select congressional candidates based on who they selected for president.d.If a state allows employees to maintain the option of either joining or not joining a certified union,that state is classified as ______.83.open shopa.closed shopb.union shopc.labor shopd.Passing a _____ is an act of a legislature declaring a person (or group) guilty of some crime andthen carrying out punishment without a trial.84.bill of attaindera.ex post facto lawb.exclusionary rulec.amendmentd.Common law is best described as ______.85.laws that are formed by a legislative bodya.laws that are supported by a majority of peopleb.laws that are established through judicial decisionsc.laws that are similar across states and nationsd.James Madison prioritized public opinion and believed that the government should serve the will ofthe people,? which was a theory borrowed from ______.86.Montesquieua.Platob.Aristotlec.John Locked.Hector has decided to attend a local meeting of Republican party members who are deliberatingover who the partys nominee should be. Hectors preferred candidate is ultimately selected, andHector is selected by the other members to attend a regional meeting where the process will start allover again. Hector is partaking in a(n) ______.87.17
invisible primarya.open primaryb.caucusc.closed primaryd.Which part of the Constitution specifies the functions of the president in foreign affairs?88.Article Ia.Article IIb.Article IIIc.Article IVd.The foreign policy approach of increasing the territorial or economic influence of ones own countryis known as ______.89.the Monroe Doctrinea.expansionismb.containmentc.the Marshall Pland.Which theory holds that although the effects of television exposure may be minimal or difficult togauge, the media are quite influential in telling the public what to think about?90.social learning theorya.minimal effects theoryb.cultivation theoryc.agenda-setting theoryd.George Washingtons bureaucracy was made up of three agencies, including the Department ofState, the Department of War, and the ______.91.Department of the Interiora.Department of Justiceb.Department of Agriculturec.Department of Treasuryd.President Obama was able to successfully use breakthrough technology (social media and socialnetworking sites) during his campaign. Prior to Obama, which other presidential candidatepioneered the use of new technology to win the presidency?92.18
Theodore Roosevelta.Abraham Lincolnb.John F. Kennedyc.Harry Trumand.Which approach did the United States take to foreign policy in the early years after its founding?93.expansionisma.interventionismb.containmentc.isolationismd.Which amendment banished slavery from all U.S. states/territories?94.First Amendmenta.Fifteenth Amendmentb.Fourteenth Amendmentc.Thirteenth Amendmentd.The specific, tangible benefits individuals receive from interest-group membership, such aseconomic concessions and discounts on products, are known as _______ benefits.95.solidarya.purposiveb.inclusivec.materiald.Which plan called for a one-house legislature in which each state, regardless of size, would haveequal representation?96.The Virginia Plana.The New Jersey Planb.The Great Compromisec.The New Mexico Pland.A _______ is the term for a congressional seat from a district that includes a high percentage ofvoters from one of the major parties.97.hard seata.19
safe seatb.marginal seatc.open seatd.Which statement best summarizes the outcome of Roe v. Wade?98.The Supreme Court extended the right to privacy to cover the use of contraceptives.a.The right to privacy includes the right of same-sex couples to get married.b.The Supreme Court legalized the practice of physician-assisted suicide.c.The right to privacy was used to establish the right of a woman to have an abortion.d.Which group was founded for the purpose of ensuring equal rights for African Americans andfocused its efforts on litigation?99.the American Civil Liberties Uniona.the Southern Poverty Law Centerb.the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoplec.the Association of African American Lawyersd.A nation has adopted a new form of government that gives citizens most of the power over thepolicies that are formed at the federal level. When deciding policy, legislation is proposed andpresented to the people on a ballot for them to decide whether or not they want to implement thepolicy. If more than 50 percent of the public votes in favor of the legislation, it becomes law. Whatis this an example of?100.pluralisma.interest groupsb.majoritarianismc.factionalismd.20
