10 Oct The final project for this course is the creation of a business report with SWOT analysis. There are several current trends in operations management, including total quality managemen
The final project for this course is the creation of a business report with SWOT analysis.
There are several current trends in operations management, including total quality management, assessing and managing disruptive change, customization, green manufacturing, global competition, just-in-time manufacturing (JIT), and supply chain management. These trends in operations management are seen in areas as diverse as the service industry, manufacturing and production, and the military. Operations management is vital for preparing students to work in industry and to give them a competitive edge. It is important to be familiar with trends in operations management and understand the impact that trends can have on an organization.
For this assessment, you will select a current trend in operations management and apply it to an organization that provides a service or produces a product in any industry. You will research the organization’s goals and resources, perform a SWOT analysis, examine the impact of the trend on aspects of the organization, and make recommendations regarding continuous improvement and sustainability.
The project is divided into three milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Two, Four, and Five. The final project will be submitted in Module Seven.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
- Evaluate trends in operations management for their risk and sustainability in industry
- Analyze the impact of current trends in operations management on the resources and goals of an organization
- Assess internal and external business factors that guide and support operational decision making in an organization
- Recommend appropriate strategies for implementing continuous improvement processes and improving sustainable operations in an organization
Your business report should address the following prompt: Research a current trend in operations management and an organization to which you can apply the trend. Write a report in business report format that discusses the goals and resources of the organization and how the trend will impact these goals and resources. Perform a SWOT analysis to determine how the trend will affect the strengths and weaknesses of your organization and then make recommendations that the organization can implement in order to improve sustainable operations.
- Introduction
- Trend: Select a current trend in operations management. Examples of current trends include total quality management, lean techniques, customization, green manufacturing, global competition, JIT manufacturing, and supply chain management. Why is the trend you selected important in operations management?
- Organization: Select a service or manufacturing organization to which you can apply this trend. Examples of service organizations include UPS, car repair shops, and restaurants. Examples of manufacturing organizations include automotive manufacturers such as Toyota and computer manufacturers such as Dell. Why did you select your organization?
- Organization
- Goals: What are the organization’s goals? For example, is the organization working toward becoming more green for sustainability, becoming the leading low-cost supplier, or trying to be first in market share? How does the trend align with the goals of organization?
- Resources: Identify the organization’s resources. Does the organization have the resources available to implement the trend? Explain.
- Impact: Describe how the trend you selected will impact the goals and resources of your organization. Will the organization need to make any changes to its goals or resources in order to implement the trend?
- Risk: Discuss the risk the organization will face if it implements the trend with its current resources. How does the availability of resourcesimpact the organization’s risk in implementing the trend? If not all required resources are available, how does the risk increase with regard to the trend implementation?
- SWOT Analysis: Perform a SWOT analysis on your organization. You can find an example template here. In your SWOT analysis, make sure to comprehensively discuss the internal and external factors affecting your organization.
- Continuous Improvement: For this section of your report, you will focus on the strengths and weaknesses of your organization and the continuous improvement tools and techniques your organization could use to make effective decisions to improve organizational effectiveness and increase advantages over the competition.
- Strengths: You identified your organization’s strengths in your SWOT analysis. Now describe how the trend you selected will increase your organization’s strengths and advantages over the competition. In other words, how will the trend impact the organization’s strengths?
- Weaknesses: You also identified your organization’s weaknesses in your SWOT analysis. Describe how your organization’s weaknesses make it difficult for the organization to compete. How will implementing the trend impact your organization’s weaknesses?
- Recommendations: What recommendations can you make to help the organization make effective decisions to improve its weaknesses? What recommendations can you make to help the organization make effective decisions to capitalize on its strengths? How can these recommendations help the organization implement the trend and improve operations?
- Risk: Managing risk is part of improving operations. What potential risk does the organization face in implementing the recommendations to improve operations? Why?
- Tools and Techniques: What continuous improvement tools and techniques could you suggest to the company to use in implementing the trend? Why? Explain your suggestions.
- Longevity: Does the trend you selected have longevity in order to support sustainable operations? Will it remain relevant in operations management? In other words, do you see this trend in operations management continuing? Support your opinion with research or real-world examples.
- Conclusion: Now that you have examined the organization’s goals, resources, strengths, and weaknesses in relation to the trend you selected, evaluate the trend. Would you recommend that the organization implement the trend? Why or why not? Support your recommendation with research or real-world examples.
Your final business report with SWOT analysis should be written in business report format and must be 7–13 pages in length (plus a cover page and references). Use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. References should be cited in APA format.
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2-2 Milestone One: Draft of Introduction and Organization (Sections I and II)
Jacob Wright
Southern New Hampshire University
QSO-415: Trends in Operations
Professor Townsend
9 September 2023
Green Manufacturing: The Case of Tesla
Section I: Introduction
Green manufacturing has emerged as a prominent trend in operations management, primarily focusing on sustainable practices that reduce environmental impact. This trend is particularly crucial in today's global landscape, as organizations aim to balance operational efficiency and competitiveness with ecological responsibility (Rajput & Datta, 2020). Tesla, Inc., a leading electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer, is a prime example of an organization embracing green manufacturing. Tesla's commitment to sustainability aligns with the broader goals of reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy solutions while making EVs accessible to a wider consumer base. As we explore the significance of green manufacturing for Tesla, it becomes evident how this trend harmonizes with the company's core objectives.
Section II: Organization- Tesla
2.1 Goals
Tesla's overarching goals revolve around sustainability, innovation, and market leadership. The company aims to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy. Environmental sustainability is a central pillar of Tesla's mission, as it seeks to reduce carbon emissions by producing electric vehicles and renewable energy products (Kim, 2020). Moreover, Tesla aspires to achieve mass adoption of electric vehicles, ultimately supplanting traditional gasoline-powered cars. This vision hinges on innovation and leadership in the electric vehicle market, underscoring the significance of green manufacturing.
2.2 Resources
Tesla possesses strategic resources that empower it to implement green manufacturing effectively. The company's innovative technology, characterized by cutting-edge EV and battery solutions, aligns seamlessly with green manufacturing principles (Alsharari, 2022). Financial strength is another critical resource, allowing Tesla to invest in sustainable practices without compromising its financial stability. Tesla's brand reputation and customer loyalty also provide a solid foundation for transitioning to green manufacturing. The company's Gigafactories, which manufactures electric vehicles and batteries at scale, exemplify its commitment to energy-efficient and sustainable production processes.
2.3 Impact
The adoption of green manufacturing profoundly impacts Tesla in several ways. First, it reinforces the company's core goals, particularly environmental sustainability and innovation. By integrating sustainable practices into its operations, Tesla positions itself as a leader in sustainable transportation, attracting environmentally conscious consumers (Maradin et al., 2022). Green manufacturing also can enhance operational efficiency by optimizing resource utilization, potentially reducing production costs. This operational efficiency aligns with Tesla's goal of becoming a low-cost supplier, further bolstering its market position.
2.4 Risk
However, implementing green manufacturing within Tesla entails specific risks. While the company's substantial resources provide a competitive advantage, the availability of sustainable materials and technologies at scale could be a limiting factor. Transitioning to green manufacturing may necessitate significant upfront investments in renewable energy sources and sustainable materials, impacting short-term profitability (Saxena & Vibhandik, 2021). Furthermore, evolving environmental regulations pose a compliance challenge that demands continuous adjustments to manufacturing processes. Inadequate resource availability, especially in the initial stages of implementation, may amplify these risks, potentially leading to supply chain disruptions and increased costs.
Tesla's adoption of green manufacturing is deeply intertwined with its core goals of environmental sustainability, innovation, and market leadership. The company's substantial resources empower this transition, but inherent resource availability, investment costs, and regulatory compliance risks must be managed effectively. Tesla's unwavering commitment to green manufacturing reinforces its position as a trailblazer in the electric vehicle industry, driving toward a sustainable future.
References
Alsharari, N. M. (2022). Financial reporting and analysis of Tesla green technology in the United States market. Banking and Accounting Issues, 3.
Kim, H. (2020). Analysis of how Tesla creates core innovation capability. International Journal of Business and Management, 15(6), 42.
Maradin, D., Malnar, A., & Kaštelan, A. (2022). Sustainable and Clean Energy: The Case of Tesla Company1. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 5(12), 3531-3542.
Rajput, S. P., & Datta, S. (2020). Sustainable and green manufacturing–A narrative literature review. Materials today: proceedings, 26, 2515-2520.
Saxena, N., & Vibhandik, S. (2021). Tesla's Competitive Strategies and Emerging Markets Challenges. IUP Journal of Brand Management, 18(3).
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4-2 Milestone Two: Draft of SWOT Analysis (Section III)
Jacob Wright
Southern New Hampshire University
QSO-415: Trends in Operations Management
Professor Townsend
24 September 2023
Tesla: SWOT Analysis
Negatives
Positives
Dependence on a Single Market
Tesla heavily relies on the EV market, which remains a small portion of the overall automotive industry (Yahdiyani et al., 2023). This dependence exposes the company to market fluctuations.
Production Challenges
Tesla has faced production challenges, especially with the Model 3, leading to delays and reduced profitability. Scaling production to meet demand has been an ongoing issue.
High Costs
Tesla's EVs are relatively expensive compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, limiting their appeal to mainstream consumers (Zhou, 2023). The focus on luxury and performance makes them less accessible.
Reliance on Government Incentives
Tesla's growth has been supported by government incentives and subsidies for EVs. Changes in government policies can impact demand for its products.
Limited Manufacturing Experience
Compared to traditional automakers, Tesla is relatively new to the industry and has limited manufacturing experience, which can affect cost competitiveness.
Strong Brand and Reputation
Tesla is a globally recognized brand known for innovation and sustainability. Its CEO, Elon Musk, is a charismatic figure, and the company has a dedicated and loyal customer base (Huang, 2019).
Innovative Technology
Tesla is at the forefront of electric vehicle (EV) technology. It has developed cutting-edge battery technology, electric motors, and self-driving capabilities, giving it a competitive edge (Zhou, 2023).
Market Leadership
Tesla is a market leader in the EV industry, with a significant share of the market. Its Model 3 became one of the best-selling EVs worldwide, contributing to its dominant position.
Vertical Integration
Tesla's vertical integration allows it to control the entire production process, from design and manufacturing to sales and distribution (Zhou, 2023). This integration enhances efficiency and reduces costs.
Sustainable Energy Products
Besides EVs, Tesla offers a range of sustainable energy products, including solar panels, energy storage systems, and solar roofs. This diversification reduces dependence on the EV market.
Strong Leadership
Elon Musk's visionary leadership has been instrumental in Tesla's success. His ability to innovate and set ambitious goals has driven the company forward.
Weaknesses
Strengths
Internal
Opportunities
Threats
Growing EV Market
The global EV market is expected to expand significantly due to environmental regulations, consumer demand for cleaner transportation, and advancements in battery technology (Jiang, 2022).
Expansion into New Markets
Tesla can further expand its presence in developing countries and emerging markets, tapping into new customer bases.
Diversification
Tesla has the opportunity to diversify its product offerings beyond EVs and energy products (Zhou, 2023). Exploring markets like electric airplanes or boats can drive growth.
Technological Advancements
Continuous innovation in battery technology, self-driving capabilities, and energy-efficient products can keep Tesla ahead of competitors.
Partnerships
Collaborations with other companies in the automotive and renewable energy sectors can extend Tesla's reach and market access.
Competition
Traditional automakers and new entrants are entering the EV market, posing a threat to Tesla's market share (Jiang, 2022). Established brands have resources and brand recognition.
Economic Conditions
Economic downturns, changes in interest rates, or shifts in consumer preferences can impact Tesla's sales and profitability (Zhou, 2023).
Regulatory Environment
Changing regulations, such as tax credits or emission standards, can affect Tesla's sales and production costs.
Supply Chain Disruptions
Tesla's complex supply chain exposes it to risks like shortages of raw materials or components, which can disrupt production.
Cybersecurity Risks
Tesla's reliance on software and technology makes it vulnerable to cyberattacks or data breaches, potentially damaging its reputation (Muhammad et al., 2023)
Geopolitical Risks
Global operations expose Tesla to geopolitical risks like trade disputes, political instability, or regulatory changes in different countries, affecting production and sales.
External
References
Huang, Y. (2019, February). A Potential Company or Not: the Analysis of Tesla. In 2019 4th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2019) (pp. 401-407). Atlantis Press.
Jiang, T. (2022, March). A Business Model to Analyze the Tesla Based on SWOT Analysis and POCD. In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) (pp. 2896-2899). Atlantis Press.
Muhammad, Z., Anwar, Z., & Saleem, B. (2023, February). A cybersecurity risk assessment of electric vehicle mobile applications: Findings and recommendations. In 2023 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) (pp. 45-51). IEEE.
Yahdiyani, M. W. H., Safari, A., & Megawati, L. R. (2023, May). Sustainability Business Model Tesla Motors. In Proceedings of the Business Innovation and Engineering Conference (BIEC 2022) (Vol. 236, p. 325). Springer Nature.
Zhou, Z. (2023). Tesla Marketing Analysis. Academic Journal of Business & Management, 5(2), 171-177.
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Green Manufacturing: Continuous Improvement in Tesla Inc.
Jacob Wright
Southern New Hampshire University
QSO-415: Trends in Operations Management
Professor Townsend
1 October 2023
Green Manufacturing: Continuous Improvement in Tesla Inc.
Continuous improvement is crucial to enhancing organizational effectiveness and gaining a competitive edge. This section explores Tesla, Inc.'s strengths and weaknesses identified in the SWOT analysis. Furthermore, the paper explores the profound impact of the emerging green manufacturing trend on these strengths and weaknesses. The paper will also offer valuable recommendations to address weaknesses and harness strengths, complemented by a comprehensive assessment of potential risks associated with implementing these recommendations. The paper will also examine the continuous improvement tools and techniques that Tesla can employ to facilitate the seamless integration of green manufacturing practices. This analysis will show how Tesla can further enhance its operations and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.
Strengths
Tesla's strengths position the company as a formidable electric vehicle (EV) leader. These strengths encompass its robust brand and reputation, innovative technology, market leadership, vertical integration, diverse, sustainable energy product portfolio, and the visionary leadership of Elon Musk. Green manufacturing complements and amplifies these strengths, further solidifying Tesla's competitive advantage.
1. Strong Brand and Reputation
Tesla has cultivated a brand synonymous with innovation and sustainability. Green manufacturing aligns seamlessly with this image, reinforcing the company's commitment to environmental responsibility (Huang, 2019). As Tesla incorporates sustainable practices into its manufacturing, it resonates strongly with environmentally conscious consumers, amplifying its brand value and reputation as a pioneering force in eco-friendly transportation.
2. Innovative Technology
Tesla's technological prowess, especially in advanced batteries and electric motors, constitutes a cornerstone of its competitive edge. Green manufacturing integrates effortlessly with Tesla's innovative spirit by propelling advancements in sustainable production processes (Hoekstra et al., 2017). By investing in eco-friendly manufacturing technologies, Tesla continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in sustainable transportation.
3. Market Leadership
Tesla's dominant position in the EV industry is a testament to its market leadership. The integration of green manufacturing bolsters this leadership by addressing the growing global concern for sustainability (Zhou, 2023). By aligning its manufacturing processes with environmentally friendly practices, Tesla meets evolving consumer expectations and attracts a broader customer base that values eco-conscious choices.
4. Vertical Integration
Tesla's vertical integration, from design to distribution, contributes significantly to its operational efficiency and cost control (Naor et al., 2021). Green manufacturing optimizes resource utilization within this integrated framework, reducing production costs while upholding the brand's hallmark quality standards.
5. Sustainable Energy Products
Tesla's diversification into sustainable energy products, such as solar panels and energy storage solutions, represents a strategic move to reduce reliance on the EV market (Eltoumi et al., 2021). Green manufacturing fortifies this diversification by instilling sustainability principles across all product lines. This synergy allows Tesla to offer a comprehensive suite of sustainable solutions, further solidifying its global clean energy sector leader position.
6. Strong Leadership
Elon Musk's visionary leadership and unwavering commitment to Tesla's mission have played a pivotal role in the company's success. Green manufacturing aligns with Musk's goal of expediting the world's transition to sustainable energy (Archwell & Mason,2021). By implementing environmentally responsible manufacturing practices, Tesla honors Musk's vision and reaffirms its leadership position in pursuing a greener and more sustainable future.
Weaknesses
While Tesla undeniably possesses numerous strengths, it is not impervious to weaknesses that can impede its competitive standing. These vulnerabilities encompass a heavy dependence on a single market, production challenges, elevated production costs, reliance on government incentives, and relatively limited manufacturing experience. However, the strategic incorporation of green manufacturing holds the potential to mitigate some of these weaknesses.
1. Dependence on a Single Market
Tesla's heavy dependence on the electric vehicle (EV) market makes it sensitive to market fluctuations and changes in consumer preferences (Babin, 2020). Adopting green manufacturing allows Tesla to expand its product portfolio beyond EVs, potentially incorporating a wider array of sustainable transportation solutions (Capuder et al., 2020). This strategic move can help Tesla decrease its exposure to the volatility of the EV market, thereby fortifying its overall business resilience.
2. Production Challenges
Tesla has faced significant production challenges, particularly evident with the Model 3, which led to delays and negatively impacted profitability (de Kwant et al., 2021). Green manufacturing, with its focus on optimizing and streamlining production processes, holds the potential to address these challenges effectively. By integrating sustainable production practices, Tesla can substantially improve production efficiency, reduce disruptions, and sustain a competitive advantage in terms of product delivery and cost-effectiveness.
3. High Costs
Although recognized for their environmental benefits, Tesla's electric vehicles (EVs) are frequently viewed as relatively costly compared to traditional vehicles, resulting in restricted accessibility for mainstream consumers (Zhou, 2023). The incorporation of green manufacturing practices provides a viable avenue for cost reduction. Through the more efficient implementation of sustainable materials and technologies, Tesla has the potential to decrease the production costs of EVs, rendering them more affordable for a wider consumer base and thereby fortifying its competitive standing within the market.
4. Reliance on Government Incentives
Tesla's growth has been substantially bolstered by government incentives and subsidies promoting EV adoption (Sathiyan et al., 2022). However, this reliance on external incentives exposes the company to potential changes in government policies, which can significantly impact product demand. Green manufacturing can buffer against such uncertainties by enhancing cost efficiency and sustainability, reducing Tesla's reliance on government incentives, and fostering its resilience in evolving regulatory landscapes.
5. Limited Manufacturing Experience
Tesla's manufacturing experience is relatively limited compared to traditional automakers, potentially affecting its cost competitiveness. The strategic implementation of green manufacturing signifies an opportunity to progressively bolster Tesla's manufacturing capabilities (Tashie-Lewis & Nnabuife, 2021). By adopting sustainable manufacturing practices, the company can gain valuable experience, optimize operational efficiency, and gradually close the experience gap with established competitors, strengthening its long-term cost competitiveness.
Recommendations
To effectively address weaknesses and leverage strengths during the implementation of the green manufacturing trend, Tesla should consider the following strategic recommendations:
1. Diversification of Product Portfolio
Tesla should continue diversifying its product portfolio beyond electric vehicles (EVs). Expanding to sustainable energy solutions, such as home energy storage systems and solar products, is crucial. This diversification mitigates the risk associated with fluctuations in the EV market and creates additional revenue streams, reinforcing Tesla's financial stability and market resilience (Tiku, 2022).
2. Investment in Research and Development (R&D)
Allocating substantial resources to research and development endeavors centered on sustainable materials, energy-efficient technologies, and production process optimization is imperative. By fostering innovation in these areas, Tesla can achieve a twofold advantage. First, it can lower production costs, making its products more accessible to a broader range of consumers (Noar et al., 2021). Tesla can also bolster its commitment to sustainability by implementing cutting-edge, environmentally friendly manufacturing practices.
3. Supply Chain Optimization
Tesla should undertake a comprehensive optimization effort to mitigate potential supply chain disruptions. Building robust relationships with suppliers, enhancing transparency in the supply chain, and exploring opportunities for local sourcing are crucial steps (Taghipour et al., 2022). These actions will increase supply chain resilience and contribute to Tesla's manufacturing processes' overall efficiency and sustainability.
4. Global Market Expansion
In order to reduce dependence on regional government incentives, Tesla should prioritize the expansion of its global market presence. Targeting emerging markets with a growing demand for sustainable transportation solutions can diversify its customer base and revenue streams (Shao et al., 2021). By strategically entering new markets, Tesla can reduce its reliance on specific incentives while promoting the adoption of green manufacturing practices worldwide.
5. Collaboration and Partnerships
Collaboration with renewable energy and technology companies can extend Tesla's influence and market reach. Establishing strategic partnerships and fostering joint ventures with these entities can accelerate the implementation of green manufacturing practices and sustainability initiatives (Portuguez-Castro, 2023). Such collaborations can lead to shared resources, knowledge exchange, and innovative solutions, reinforcing Tesla's position as a leader in the sustainable transportation industry and promoting environmental stewardship on a broader scale.
Risks
Implementing the above recommendations to improve operations and embrace green manufacturing may pose several risks to Tesla.
1. Investment in R&D, supply chain optimization, and global expansion requires substantial financial resources. If market conditions deteriorate or the expected return on investment is not realized, Tesla may face financial challenges.
2. Changes in production processes and supply chain modifications can lead to operational disruptions. Delays, quality issues, or supply shortages may affect Tesla's ability to meet market demand.
3. Green manufacturing initiatives may require compliance with evolving environmental regulations. Changes in these regulations can impact production processes and costs.
4. Rival companies are also embracing green manufacturing practices. Tesla faces competitive pressure to maintain its leadership position, which may result in market share erosion.
Tools and Techniques
To effectively implement green manufacturing, Tesla can utilize various continuous improvement tools and techniques:
1. Implementing lean principles can optimize production processes, eliminate waste, and reduce costs while maintaining product quality.
2. The Six Sigma methodologies can help identify and eliminate defects in manufacturing processes, ensuring consistent product quality.
3. Tesla can integrate Total Quality Management (TQM) into its manufacturing practices. TQM focuses on improving product quality and customer satisfaction.
4. Implementing Environmental Management Systems (EMS) frameworks such as ISO 14001 can help Tesla manage and reduce its environmental impact while complying with regulations.
5. Data analytics and predictive maintenance can enhance production efficiency, reduce downtime, and minimize resource waste.
6. Forming cross-functional teams comprising experts from various disciplines can drive innovation and sustainable practices across the organization.
Conclusion
Implementing green manufacturing practices aligns with Tesla's strengths and offers solutions to mitigate weaknesses. Recommendations focused on diversification, R&D, supply chain optimization, global expansion, and collaboration can help Tesla navigate the challenges of embracing green manufacturing. However, these efforts also come with inherent risks that must be managed. Utilizing continuous improvement tools and techniques will be instrumental in ensuring the successful implementation of green manufacturing practices within Tesla, further solidifying its position as an industry leader committed to sustainability.
References
Archwell, D., & Mason, J. (2021). Evaluating corporate leadership in the United States: a review of elon musk leadership. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 3(2), 1-10.
Capuder, T., Sprčić, D. M., Zoričić, D., & Pandžić, H. (2020). Review of challenges and assessment of electric vehicles integration policy goals: Integrated risk analysis approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 119, 105894.
de Kwant, C., Rahi, A. F., & Laurenti, R. (2021). The role of product design in circular business models: An analysis of challenges and opportunities for electric vehicles and white goods. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 1728-1742.
Eltoumi, F. M., Becherif, M., Djerdir, A., & Ramadan, H. S. (2021). The key issues of electric vehicle charging via hybrid power sources: Techno-economic viability, analysis, and recommendations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 138, 110534.
Hoekstra, A., Steinbuch, M., & Verbong, G. (2017). Creating agent-based energy transition management models that can uncover profitable pathways to climate change mitigation. Complexity, 2017, 1-23.
Huang, Y. (2019, February). A Potential Company or Not: the Analysis of Tesla. In 2019 4th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2019) (pp. 401-407). Atlantis Press.
Naor, M., Coman, A., & Wiznizer, A. (2021). Vertically integrated supply chain of batteries, electric vehicles, and charging infrastructure: A review of three milestone projects from theory of constraints perspective. Sustainability, 13(7), 3632.
