Discussion All Topics Below:

Define apical impulse and describe its normal location, size and duration. Describe which abnormal conditions may affect the the apical impulse and explain why. 

Explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. 

Explain the position of the valves during the cardiac cycle is diastole, isometric contraction, systole and isometric relaxation. 

Define preload and afterload. 

Each student must post a substantial post with a minimum of 250 words (3 paragraphs) (introduction, body and conclusion)  All posts and replies must contain at least (2) professional references, one may be the course textbook, properly cited in the current APA format.