1. What is the difference between anonymity and confidentiality?  Give an example.

2. There are certain classes of subjects that require special treatment by the researcher.  Identify at least two of those classes and discuss why they constitute a special class.  What specific steps should be taken when dealing with these special classes?

3. Discuss the role of the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) in the research process.  In what ways do they influence research and what is their specific purpose?  Give an example of a situation that would not be approved by an IRB and how the researcher could rectify that situation.

4. Describe the three criteria for causality or a causal relationship.  Give an example of each using the same hypothesis.