Mesopotamian Civilization

1.The Mesopotamian civilization is also known as “the Fertile Crescent” in which its massive populations used to enjoy abundant resources for over the past few millennia, however there are some contributing factors which led to the decline of this once prosperous civilization, in your opinion which factor should be considered as the most important factor that played a major historical role in the fall of the civilization? Please explain and provide some concrete examples. 

Islamic Civilization 

2.The Islamic civilization is characterized by its amazing cultural heritages and most importantly by its unique “faith”, however by the time this civilization approached the new millennium, it had been attacked as well as highly criticized for its strong affiliation with “Jihadism” or extremism, in your opinion do you agree or disagree with this criticism? Please provide explanation and some concrete examples in order to support your idea.