21 Jun In this assignment students will be creating a presenta
In this assignment students will be creating a presentation on innovations in biology and technology. students will be submitting it into their assignment folder as a video link of a narrated PowerPoint or Slides presentation, and a Word document of your narration (your “speaker’s notes) which will be reviewed for similarity by Turnitin. Instructions on how to complete this procedure can be found below.
This assignment addresses course outcomes 1-4:
- recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems.
- make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations.
- weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method.
- use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusion.
) Personal Genomics. Services like 23andMe and Ancestry have made it possible – even popular – for the average person to obtain in-depth information about their genome, including details like food allergies, drug sensitivities, and disease risks. There are even add-on sites that will take this information and generate elaborate reports, such as Promethease.
- Describe how this data is obtained, and what it actually includes. Start your explanation with a basic description of DNA and how genes control our traits (the Central Dogma).
- Use information from the course readings, at least one service provider (e.g., 23&Me, Ancestry), and additional information resources.
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of this easy, rapid, and affordable access to genomic data?
- What are the social implications, in terms of benefits and risks?
- Is Genome Privacy (restricting access to an individual’s private genomic data) a potential issue, and if so, how?
- If you, or someone you know, have had your own genome analyzed, discuss the thought process that led you (or them) to do so, and share how you felt when you found your results.
- If you haven't, discuss why or why you would not want to have this information.
Instruction: Innovations in Biology and Technology
This assignment is an opportunity for students to dive more deeply into a topic they'd like to learn more about. It can be very satisfying to gain an understanding about a topic that may be challenging!
Please review the example of Assignment 2 provided in the Content area.
Summary of Instructions:
In this assignment students will be creating a presentation on innovations in biology and technology. students will be submitting it into their assignment folder as a video link of a narrated PowerPoint or Slides presentation, and a Word document of your narration (your “speaker’s notes) which will be reviewed for similarity by Turnitin. Instructions on how to complete this procedure can be found below.
This assignment addresses course outcomes 1-4:
· recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems.
· make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations.
· weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method.
· use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions.
The final submission should include 3 items:
1. Power Point Presentation of Topic with 12 slides
2. Document with Speaker Notes (word document or pdf)
3. Link to YouTube video of Power Point with Narration or
Below are detailed instructions on how to complete the assignment.
1. Select one of the five topics below. (Vaccines, Personal Genomics, CRISPR, Bioprinting, or Human Caused Global Climate Change)
· b) Personal Genomics. Services like 23andMe and Ancestry have made it possible – even popular – for the average person to obtain in-depth information about their genome, including details like food allergies, drug sensitivities, and disease risks. There are even add-on sites that will take this information and generate elaborate reports, such as Promethease.
· Describe how this data is obtained, and what it actually includes. Start your explanation with a basic description of DNA and how genes control our traits (the Central Dogma).
· Use information from the course readings, at least one service provider (e.g., 23&Me, Ancestry), and additional information resources.
· What are the advantages and disadvantages of this easy, rapid, and affordable access to genomic data?
· What are the social implications, in terms of benefits and risks?
· Is Genome Privacy (restricting access to an individual’s private genomic data) a potential issue, and if so, how?
· If you, or someone you know, have had your own genome analyzed, discuss the thought process that led you (or them) to do so, and share how you felt when you found your results.
· If you haven't, discuss why or why you would not want to have this information.
2. Find at least five articles related to one of the topics chosen from above (You can find assistance with searching for articles at the UMGC Library Subject Guides at http://libguides.umgc.edu/science )
3. Create a narrated PowerPoint presentation. The presentation should be between 4 – 7 minutes long (maximum).
Download the desktop version of PowerPoint on your computer if you have not already. This is needed to add narration. All UMGC students can download Office 365, including Power Point, for free:
**** Students need to submit a narrated PowerPoint presentation as a video and can use whatever format they are comfortable with. For example Zoom , Screencastify. , Vimeo, Loom, YouTube are all fine. (Instructions below). Students may also submit the MPEG4 file directly to the assignment folder, if not too large.
4. Copy and Paste Speaker Notes onto a word or pdf document. Please number the notes that correspond with each slide. Speaker notes may be made ahead of time or may be copied and pasted from the automatically generated transcript on YouTube.
Download the desktop version of Power Point on your computer if you have not already. This is needed to add narration. All UMGC students can download Office 365, including Power Point, for free:
Below students will find a guide to create effective presentations:
Narrated PowerPoint instructions
· 1. Write a script for your narration for each slide in a Word document. It is OK if you do not strictly follow the script when you narrate. Students may instead download the automatically generated transcript from YouTube*. Instructions are below.
· 2. Record the narration in Power Point. Go to Insert and click the Audio icon (to the right in the editing bar), choose Record Audio… from the drop-down menu. Click the red button to start your narration, then the blue button to stop. Check that your recording is OK. You can delete a recording and start over, and you can also do some minor editing by cutting off the start and/or end of the recording. Repeat for all the slides in your presentation. You may want to move the narration icon that appears in the middle of the slide to a corner.
· The following video is very helpful:
· https://www.groovypost.com/howto/add-audio-microsoft-powerpoint-presentation/
· 3. Save as MPEG4 File. Once your narrated Power Point presentation is completed, save it on your computer as a MPG4 file video by clicking File > Save > Choose MPEG4 format from drop down menu. Creating the video will take a few minutes. You can see a progress bar at the bottom.
· *An alternative to writing the script prior to the narration is to follow this approach to download an automatically generated transcript from YouTube (Note: you need to allow extra time for the close captioning/transcript to be generated, remember to choose the language as “English”), see this video for more detail if you want to use this approach:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxb0X1fdbaI
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Antibiotics
BIOL 101 at UMGC
July 30, 2020
Purpose
Aunt Jeanie hasn’t been feeling well. She has had a fever and a sore throat for a few days. After finally convincing her to go to the doctor’s, she has been prescribed antibiotics to clear up an infection in her throat. Aunt Jeanie prefers natural methods of healing and doesn’t want to take the antibiotics.
I am researching antibiotics in order to advise Aunt Jeanie on the wisdom of taking the medicine.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Background
The word “Antibiotic” means “against life”
Antibiotics were first discovered in the 1920’s
Antibiotics are drugs that kill bacteria
Before then, many people died from bacterial infections such as Strep Throat
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
How Do Antibiotics Work?
Almost all organs in the body can be infected by bacteria
Bacteria are single celled organisms made from prokaryotic cells
Some bacteria can be harmful to the body by secreting toxins that damage tissues
Some bacteria invade tissues and their population growth damages the tissue
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
How Do Antibiotics Work?
Penicillin
“Penicillins block the protein struts that link the peptidoglycans together. This prevents the bacterium from closing the holes that develop in its cell walls after cell division.” (Medical News Today, 2018)
Tetracycline
“Tetracycline works by binding specifically to the 30S ribosome of the bacteria, preventing attachment of the tRNA to the RNA-ribosome complex and inhibiting protein synthesis.” (Bristol University School of Chemistry, 2001)
Chloramphenicol
“Chloramphenicol binds to the 50S ribosome, inhibiting peptidyl transferase which prevents amino acid adding to protein chains in protein synthesis.” (University of Minnesota, 2018)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Some Diseases that Antibiotics Help With
Ear infections
Sinus infections
Skin infections
Meningitis
Strep Throat
Bladder and Kidney Infections
Bacterial Pneumonias
Whooping Cough
How Antibiotics Have Impacted Disease Over the Last 100 Years
Molds and plant extracts were used to treat infections though people didn’t realize the infections were caused by bacteria
Ancient Egyptians applied moldy bread to wounds!
Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928 when he noticed fungus growing on a plate with Staphylococcus. There were bacteria free zones where the fungus ended up!
90% of children with bacterial meningitis died before antibiotics and strep throat could be fatal
Life expectancy has risen to 78.8 years old
13% of the US Population is now older compared to 4%
Infectious diseases are concerns with elderly, those with cancer, surgical patients, people who are immunosuppressed – rarely in young and healthy population
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Reasons Why People Worry About Antibiotics
Antibiotics do not work on viruses such as those that cause the flu and colds
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Why People Worry About Antibiotics
Antibiotics can cause side effects when they kill helpful gut bacteria
Vomiting
Nausea
Diarrhea
Bloating or indigestion
Abdominal pain
Hives, itchy skin
Wheezing
Coughing
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Why People Worry About Antibiotics
If antibiotics are taken when they aren’t needed or if the course of antibiotic is not completed, antibiotic resistant bacteria can grow
Bacteria that are less susceptible to antibiotics remain in the body
They are then able to divide and cause an infection
The offspring of these bacteria contain genes that are less susceptible to antibiotics
Over time, antibiotic resistant bacteria are bred
MRSA Methyllin Resistant Staphyloccos aureus
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
Conclusion
Antibiotics are usually fast acting and target the bacteria causing infection
Side effects are short lived and can be treated
Bacterial infections left untreated can lead to fatal infections
According to the Journal of American Medical Association in 2002, doctors prescribed 40% fewer antibiotics compared to the 1990s to decrease antibiotic resistance
Take the antibiotics as prescribed and the is little chance of the infection returning!
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
References
Web MD July 1, 2020 https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-are-antibiotics#2
NHS National Health Services UK May 23, 2019 https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/antibiotics/
Medical News Today, How Do Penicillins Work? July 30, 2018 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216798#takeaway
Microbiology Society, The History of Antibiotics 2020 https://microbiologysociety.org/members-outreach-resources/outreach-resources/antibiotics-unearthed/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/the-history-of-antibiotics.html
Healthy Children, November 15, 2019 https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/treatments/Pages/The-History-of-Antibiotics.aspx
Tetracycline, Molecule of the Month, Bristol University School of Chemistry, Rafal Klagn, October 2001 http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/tetracycline/tetracycline.htm
US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, The Treasure Called Antibiotics, WA Adedeji, Dec. 14, 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354621/
