17 Aug Type I diabetes mellitus is characterized by destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas which is needed to control the level of glucose in the body.
this is another classmates discussion, can you please give another response to this one? with intext citations please and references.
Type I diabetes mellitus is characterized by destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas which is needed to control the level of glucose in the body. (Capstead, 2019) It’s an autoimmune disease resulting in an attack on the beta cells. This can happen at any age but usually in younger age and more women are affected than men. Type II diabetes mellitus are resistant to the action of insulin on peripheral tissues and the risk factors include aging, sedentary lifestyle and most specially obesity. It is a progressive disease that can develop resistance to insulin. (Capstead, 2019) The most important teaching that we can give patients is learning how to control their blood glucose level and maintaining it between 70 and 130 mg/dL. Lifestyle change could manage the diseases like managing weight for most people. Encouraging them to have a variety of nutrient-dense food is beneficial. Exercising can also lower blood glucose level and other comorbidities that are related to diabetes like cardiovascular problems. (Dudek, 2014) Smoking cessation would also help greatly in managing blood glucose level.
Metformin is a biguanide that suppresses the making of glucose which helps lower blood glucose level. (Nasri, H., Rafieian, M., nd.) It is usually the first treatment plan for those who have type II diabetes along with lifestyle change. It is usually taken with meal to avoid hypoglycemia which is a rare occurrence. Patients who are taking this medication should be aware that Metformin is hepatoxic, can cause acute renal injury and metabolic acidosis. Meanwhile, insulin therapy is used for managing type I diabetes. Regular insulin is one of the short acting insulin that is given 30-40 minutes before meal to avoid hypoglycemia. The common adverse effects include peripheral edema, hypokalemia and hypoglycemia. (Munguia, C., Correa, R., 2021)
Reference:
Arnp, P. J. B. L. (2018). Pathophysiology (6th ed.). Saunders.
Dudek, S. G. (2014). Nutrition Essentials for Nursing Practice. Wolters Kluwer.
Munguia, C., & Correa, R. (2021, July 25). Regular Insulin. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553094/
Nasri, H., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014, July 19). Metformin: Current knowledge. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC42140…
