22 Sep Is your world view closer to the positivist or the constructivist paradigm? Explore the aspects of the two?paradigms that are especially consistent with your world view
Is your world view closer to the positivist or the constructivist paradigm? Explore the aspects of the two paradigms that are especially consistent with your world view.
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Nursing Research
in an Evidence-Based
Practice Environment
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Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false:
Nursing research is systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems.
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Answer
False
Research is systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems. Nursing research is systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession.
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What Is Research?
- Systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems
Nursing research
- Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession
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Consumer–Producer Continuum
- Consumers: nurses who read and evaluate research reports or summaries
- Producers: nurses who design and undertake research studies
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Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false:
Producers of research design and undertake studies.
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Answer
True
Knowledge of nursing research enhances the professional practice of both consumers of research (who read and evaluate studies) and producers of research (who design and undertake studies).
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Contemporary Emphasis
- Evidence-based practice projects
- Replications
- Research integration through systematic review
- Multisite and interdisciplinary studies
- Expanded dissemination efforts
- Increased focus on health disparities
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Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice
- Tradition
- Authority
- Clinical experience, trial and error, intuition
- Logical reasoning (inductive and deductive)
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What Is a Paradigm?
A world view; a general perspective on the complexities of the real world, with certain assumptions about reality
Key paradigms for nursing research:
- Positivist paradigm
- Naturalistic paradigm
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What Is the Nature of Reality?
- Positivist assumption: Reality exists; there is a real world driven by natural causes.
- Naturalistic assumption: Reality is multiple and subjective, constructed by individuals.
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Question
What occurs in the positivist paradigm?
Reality is not fixed.
Reality is fixed.
Associated with qualitative research
Subjective, narrative materials
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Answer
B
Positivist paradigm reality is fixed and is associated with quantitative research. Constructivist paradigm reality is not fixed and is associated with qualitative research and subjective, narrative materials.
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How Is Knowledge Obtained?
Positivist Constructivist
Fixed design Flexible design
Discrete, specific concepts Holistic
Deductive processes Inductive processes
Control over context Context-bound
Verification of hunches Emerging interpretations
Quantitative information Qualitative information
Seeks generalizations Seeks patterns
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Research
- Basic: extending information for sake of knowledge
- Applied: discovering solutions to immediate problems
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Key Evidence-Based Practice
- Treatment/therapy/intervention
- Assessment and diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Harm and etiology
- Meaning and process