01 Oct Overview of the Skeletal System
BIOL 1610 Section OL4
Overview of the Skeletal System Final Report
Student Name Oluwaseyifunmi Sunmola
Student ID 178728
Lesson Overview of the Skeletal System
Institution North Carolina Central University
Session Summer Session 2
Course BIOL 1610 Section OL4
Instructor Tyjuanna LaBennett
Test Your Knowledge
1. Label each bone shape in the image below.
2. Match each term with the best de?nition below.
3. Classify each statement as relating to either cortical bone or trabecular bone.
Cortical Bone Trabecular Bone
1 2
The hard-mineralized material that Forms the porous inner layer of bone forms the outer layer of bones.
Red bone marrow ?lls the internal cavities of this bone type.
Exploration
1. Osseous tissue is solid.
True
False
2. The is the passageway for blood vessels and nerves at the center of an osteon.
lamella
osteocyte
Haversian canal
lacuna
3. Where would you ?nd bone marrow?
Osteons
Trabecular Bone
Cortical Bone
None of the above
4. A ?at bone is de?ned as a bone in which the length is approximately equal to the width.
True
False
Exercise 1
1. Compare and contrast the structures of cortical bone and trabecular bone.
The trabecular bone is more porous than the trabecular bone.
Spongy bone(trabecular) does not contain osteons. The cortical bone does. The cortical bone is denser than the trabecular bone.
2. What is the function of cortical bone? What is the function of trabecular bone?
3. What are trabeculae? What is their function?
4. What are Haversian systems? What is their function?
Photo 1: Cortical Bone
Data Table 1: Microscopic Examination of Bone
Structure Magni?cation Comments
Cortical Bone 100x N/A
Trabecular Bone 100x N/A
Photo 2: Trabecular Bone
Exercise 2
1. How does the structure of vertebrae aid in their function?
2. How are a patella and scapula similar in form and function?
Photo 3: Skull Lateral View
Photo 4: Skull Anterior View
Photo 5: General Anatomy Posterior View
Photo 6: General Anatomy Anterior View
Data Table 1: Bone Shapes, Functions, and Articulations
Structure Shape(s)
Bones of the skull:
Frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal Flat
Bones of the orbit:
Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid irregular
Vertebrae:
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral irregular
Maxilla irregular
Mandible irregular
Sternum ?at
Ribs ?at
Scapula irregular
Humerus long
Radius long
Ulna long
Carpals short
Phalanges (hands and feet) short
Pelvis irregular
Femur long
Tibia long
Fibula long
Tarsals short
Structure Skeletal Function
Bones of the skull:
Frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal Provides protection for the brain.
Bones of the orbit: Protects the eyeballs
Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid
Vertebrae:
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral To protect the spinal cord.
Maxilla Holds the teeth
Mandible Also holds the teeth
Sternum Forms the thoracic
activity and protects some vital organs.
Ribs Part of the thoracic activity. Protects lungs and the heart.
Scapula The shoulder joint. Point of attachment for muscles.
Humerus Form the shoulder joint
Radius Forms the elbow joint
Ulna Also forms the elbow joint
Carpals Wrist joint
Phalanges (hands and feet) Finger bones.
Pelvis connects the trunk and the legs
Femur conects the hip and knee joint
Tibia Connects the knee and ankle joint
Fibula Next to the Tibia
bone, also connects the knee and ankle joint
Tarsals Forms the ankle joint
Structure Articulations and/or Associations
Bones of the skull:
Frontal, occipital, parie tal, and temporal Forms sutures with other bones of the skull; Occipital bone articulates with C1 vertebrae.
Bones of the orbit: Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla,
palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid sutures
Vertebrae:
Cervical,
thoracic, lumbar, and sacral facet joint
Maxilla synovial joint, Gomphosis
Mandible synovial joint, Gomphosis
Sternum Symphysis, sternoclavicular, Sternocostal
Ribs Symphysis, sternoclavicular, Sternocostal
Scapula spheroidal joint
Humerus spheroidal joint
Radius proximal and distal radioulnar joint
Ulna proximal and distal radioulnar joint
Carpals Joints between the
carpal bones, a type of synovial joint
Phalanges (hands and feet) synovial joint
Pelvis articulates with the femur
Femur synovial joint and spheroidal joint
Tibia plane joints
Fibula plane joint
Tarsals A type of hinge joint
Competency Review
1. The tarsals are classi?ed as bones.
short
long
irregular
?at
2. bones are commonly found in the appendages.
Short
Long
Irregular
Flat
3. Trabecular bone forms the porous inner layer of bones.
True
False
4. Osteons are primarily composed of interstitial lamellae.
True
False
5. is/are the source of hematopoietic stem cells.
Red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow
Cortical bone
Osteoblasts
6. A is an example of an irregular bone.
carpal
femur
rib
vertebra
7. The ribs are ?at bones that protect the organs in the thoracic cavity.
True
False
8. Trabecular bone consists of slender trabeculae.
True
False
Extension Questions
1. Wolff’s Law states that bone will be produced when stress is applied, and bone will be resorbed in the absence of stress. What are some potential medical implications of this phenomenon?
2. Teeth are hard structures in the body that contain a large amount of calcium. They are composed of dentine that is coated in enamel, which cannot be regenerated. They contain a central cavity ?lled with pulp composed of blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.
Based on this description, should teeth be considered bones? Explain your answer.
