Chapters 11 & 12

1-2 pages 

1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of secondary data and give examples of each.
2. In New York City, police officers assigned to a specialized gang squad pay special attention to graffiti, or tagging.  In doing so, they conduct a content analysis to study actions, threats, and other messages presented in this form of communication.  Describe how you would plan formal content analysis of graffiti.  Be sure to distinguish manifest and latent content, units of analysis, and coding rules for your study.
3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of quasi-experimental designs? Explain how the use of quasi-experimental designs may be more useful than classical experiments for conducting criminal justice research.