From 1300 to 1800 and from North Africa to India, Islamic civilization thrived under three dynastic houses: the Ottomans, the Safavids, and the Mughals. All three empires had a period of expansion when territory was enlarged, followed by a high point politically and culturally and later a period of contraction, when territories broke away. At the cultural level, the borders of these three states were porous, and people, ideas, art motifs, languages, and trade flowed back and forth.

Write something exploring the cultural advances that occurred under the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. You might include artistic, intellectual, linguistic, and/or religious innovations that impacted societies at the time and had a lasting effect today.

Your p must be between 700 and 1,000 words in length. Your p will be assessed based on the strength of your thesis statement, command of supporting data, and overall quality of writing.