Chocolate!

What is the

name of your

favorite kind in

the chat bar!

Sorry!!!!!

I am sure I made you hungry!!

You’ll see, it was all for

a good cause!

Today, you will write the introduction and conclusion for to your research paper!

A research paper typically

includes these sections:

• Introduction

• Literature review

• Discussion

• Conclusion

You have written these

parts of your research

paper:

• Introduction

• Literature review

• Discussion

• Conclusion

Todayyou will write

• Introduction

• Literature review

• Discussion

• Conclusion

Introduction

• Opening Sentence

– Grab the attention of your reader

– Make them want to read more!

Sentences in between

• Closing Sentence

– Thesis Statement*

– States your stance/recommendation for your reader (the rest of the paper will literally expand on this one sentence – you’ll see!)

SO…BACKto chocolate!

SO…BACKto chocolate!

Sorry!!!

Alittle-known fact…

According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume

an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per

person per year.

According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume

an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per

person per year.

Did you know that?!

By the way, there are resources

about the

OpeningSentence

on page 60 of your manual!

Flip to it!

Or use your Directions

resource in this week’s folder

Canyou find all the elements of an

opening sentence here?

According to Forbes (2020), Americans consume an average of 11 pounds of chocolate per person per year.

Hint: here are the elements:

• a surprising, disturbing, little-known, or wonderful fact

• a statistic

• an in-text citation

Wait!

I don’t remember how to DO

one!

In-text citations!

OK!

I found it, but I don’t quite remember how to DO

one!

In-text citations!

Forbes (2020)

In-text citations need

Who wrote it (or whose

idea it is)

When

Two ways to cite: (p. 33-38 in manual)

author names are part of the sentence

(narrative format)

author names and date of

publication are not part of the sentence

(parenthetical format)

Remember….

Who wrote/thought it When

Examples

One Author

Research by Smith (2004) found…

Recent research (Smith, 2004) found…

Two Authors

Research by Wager and Petty (1994) found…

Paraphrased material (Wager & Petty, 1994).

Which way of citing is used here?

According to Forbes (2020), Americans

consume an average of 11 pounds of

chocolate per person per year.

Now YOUwrite an

opening sentence

on YOURtopic.

This will open your research paper!

Expect to spend 20-40 minutes on this one

sentence!!! Surprising, but true!!

here are the elements:

• a surprising, disturbing, little-known,

or wonderful fact

• a statistic

• an in-text citation

Break time!

What isa thesis statement?

Pleaseread page 2

in your Directions resource

in this week’s folder

The Thesis Statement:

Justifying Your Stance Based on

Research

The Thesis Statement:

Justifying Your Stance Based on

Research

The thesis statement

-Is the driving force or “outline” of

your paper based on research

The Thesis Statement

Justifying Your Stance Based on

Research

The thesis statement

-Is the driving force or “outline” of your

paper based on research

-Contains your stance on the topic based

on research.

General Formula

topic +

your stance on the topic + how your stance is supported by research

(citation) = your thesis statement

General Formula

Look at the sample in your

Directions document

in this week’s folder

Now let’s write yours!

Expect to spend 25 – 45 minutes on this.

This is a hard one,

because it is the “outline” to your paper!!!

Topic +

your stance on the topic +

how your stance is

supported by research

(citation) =

your thesis statement

FORMULA

Takea BREATH!!!

Where in the

Opening

Paragraph

does the

thesis

statement go?

Where in the

Opening Paragraph

does it go?

It’s the LAST sentence of the Opening Paragraph

(and helps you to organize your paper!)

Now, you have the two “BOOKENDS!”

Youropening sentence

Now, you have the two “BOOKENDS!”

Your opening sentence

and

Yourthesis statement

Green = Opening sentence meant to grab reader’s attention

Red = Sentences in between that are needed to transition from Green to Purple

Purple = Recommendation based on research

Food fraud has been identified in multiple communities, and in some cases there is a rise in this fraudulent behavior with the increase in different needs regarding food types (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). Food fraud refers to the deliberate alteration of food, related ingredients, or packaging, as well as the creation of false or deceptive assertions about a product in order to profit financially (Spink & Moyer, 2011, as cited in Levy, 2020). This fraud can cause damage to consumers’ health, or can affect entire supply chains (Northern District of Iowa, 2019). Food fraud has been found in the research and in (popular press/relevant journals) to be a threat to public health as well as to the economy. Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of business as well as communities, government and food, organizations should install more efficient legislature such as (name of policy with citation) to oversee and regulate the food chains operated by independent providers such as farmers and sole proprietors.

Please write

your

opening

paragraph

in color!

• Start with your Green

opening sentence

• Have Blue sentences in

the middle

• End with your

Purple thesis

statement

Conclusion Paragraph

• Most students overthink this but think of it

like a mirror image of your introduction

paragraph.

So…

Turn the opening paragraph upside down!

ConclusionParagraph Turntheopeningparagraphupsidedown!

Foodfraudhasbeenidentifiedinmultiplecommunities, andin somecasesthereisariseinthisfraudulentbehavior withtheincrease indifferentneedsregardingfoodtypes (NorthernDistrictofIowa, 2019).Foodfraudrefersto elthediberatealterationoffood,related ingredients,or packaging,aswellasthecreationoffalseordeceptive assertionsaboutaproductinordertoprofitfinancially (Spink& Moyer,2011,ascitedinLevy,2020).Thisfraud cancausedamageto consumers’health,orcanaffect entire supplychains(NorthernDistrict ofIowa,2019).Foodfraud hasbeenfoundintheresearchandin (popularpress/relevant journals)tobeathreattopublichealthaswell asto the economy.Duetofoodfraud’sthreatstosegmentsofbusiness aswellascommunities,governmentandfood, organizationsshould installmoreefficientlegislaturesuchas (nameofpolicywithcitation) tooverseeandregulatethe foodchainsoperatedbyindependent providerssuchas farmersandsoleproprietors.

Conclusion Paragraph Not actually copying the sentences, but the gist!

Due to food fraud’s threats to segments of business as well as to

communities, government and food, organizations should install more

efficient legislature such as (name of policy with citation) to oversee

and regulate the food chains operated by independent providers such as

farmers and sole proprietors. Food fraud has been found in the research

and in (popular press/relevant journals) to be a threat to public health as

well as to the economy. This fraud, as seen in the research (cite all

research studies from the literature review), can cause damage to

consumers’ health, or can affect entire supply chains (Northern District

of Iowa, 2019). The (fill in recommended action) is necessary, as food

fraud has been identified in multiple communities, and in some cases

there is a rise in this fraudulent behavior with the increase in different

needs regarding food types (Northern District of Iowa, 2019).

ABORTION RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITED MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES 11

*** This sample was adapted from a Monroe College student’s final paper. ***

Conclusion

It is important to ensure that each person has access to health care resources especially

when the goal is health equity for all. These pre-existing inequities in reproductive healthcare

services are evident in our current healthcare system (citation needed), and a greater, more

targeted public health response is needed to make meaningful change and foster positive

outcomes for all women, girls and children. Therefore, fostering other ways to cultivate change

and provide easy access to prenatal care, maternal healthcare services, and execute the right to

bodily autonomy is of the utmost importance.

This is the end of your paper

– Insert a page break

(begin the References page on the top of the next page)

ABORTION RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITED MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES 2

*** This sample was adapted from a Monroe College student’s final paper. ***

The Impacts of Abortion Restrictions and Limited Maternal Health Services

Introduction

Access to maternal health services is a fundamental component to achieving health

equity; it is estimated by the United Nations (2022) that 121 million pregnancies each year are

unintended, with 45% of all abortions deemed unsafe, causing 810 women to die each day, due

to preventable causes related to childbirth. Appropriate measures to ensure safe and reliable

maternal health services before and after birth is imperative and should be a fundamental right

for all women. An expansion of resources, such as those provided through the WIC program

(FNS, 2013), increased funding, proper education on contraception, and access to maternal and

prenatal care is needed to ensure safety for all women and create a sense of bodily autonomy

(Carlson & Neuberger, 2021; Disi et al., 2022).

The Literature Review would go here,

introduced by a Level 1 Header and adhering to APA 7 Basics

– No page breaks between sections or extra spaces