ü  Identify the development of substance abuse disorders, community capacities and strength-based principles in addressing substance abuse disorders. 

ü  Describe psychoactive substances by category (stimulates, depressants, opiates, opioids and sedative-hypnotics, psychedelics, hallucinogens, and cannabinoids). 

ü  Describe their actions on the brain and body including mechanisms of tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, cravings, and other physical and emotional effects.