The "Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations" (1) is one of the most comprehensive studies on the applicability of international law to cyberspace conflict, and thus cyber operations. In this study, multiple legal experts derived 154 rules from existing law. Several opinions on these rules were divided, so the interpretation of the rules remains open for discussion.

In this paper make sure you evaluate Rules 4 and 9.
For each RULE (4 & 9):
Describe the laws and rules that govern sovereignty
Explain why a state would want to collect intelligence, why it might be required ethically, and whether cyber operations that collect detailed intelligence on another state violate its sovereignty
Describe the laws and rules that govern territorial jurisdiction
Explain whether cyber operations that collect detailed intelligence on another state may exercise jurisdiction over data that traverses its territory, citing specific,