15 Jul Final submission requirement: format and timeline Your final submission includes:? Presentation Video For the report (including deliverable #1 and #2), produce

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Digital Innovation Project Development: A Mobile Health Application

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A Mobile Health Application for Diabetes Management

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a significant issue in the U.S. healthcare system due to the associated negative outcomes, including cardiovascular complications, disabilities, and even death. T2DM increases the increased utilization of healthcare resources due to the associated complications and challenges in managing the condition. The management of diabetes has been one of the largest contributors to the increasing healthcare costs with an annual cost of about $412.9 billion (American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2023). About 11.6 percent of Americans had diabetes in 2021 (ADA, n.d.). With the increasing aging population, the problem is likely to worsen. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau show that about 16.8 percent of the U.S. population was aged 65 years or older in 2020 (Caplan, 2023). This population is expected to increase to 21 percent by 2030 (Jones & Dolsten, 2024). The increasing aging population is expected to increase the chronic disease burden and healthcare expenditure if measures are not implemented to mitigate the issue.

The organization is significantly affected by the issue of T2DM as the rate of 30-day unplanned readmissions of patients with T2DM is 10%, but the readmission rate increases to 30% within 90 days. T2DM has the second-highest readmission rate in the hospital after heart failure. The problem of readmissions has exacerbated the existing issues of staff shortage, and incremental healthcare costs, and increased the care burden. Poor T2DM management has led to prolonged hospitalization, which puts pressure on hospital resources. T2DM patients need to adhere to the treatment and disease management interventions to promote their health outcomes and live healthier lives. However, proper self-management skills, patient education, and provider support are required. Poor T2DM management increases the risk of complications, such as hyperglycemia, kidney damage, heart attack, stroke, and even mortality (Kumar et al., 2023).

Technology has been a viable option for addressing some of the issues faced in healthcare today, including the management of chronic conditions. Technological solutions can be used to help in the management of T2DM to help patients self-manage their conditions. Self-efficacy is essential in the management of T2DM, as it has been associated with improved self-efficacy and better medication adherence (Qin et al., 2020). The proposed digital innovation solution is a mobile health application that will help patients with chronic illnesses manage their conditions by accessing information through the mobile application on the management of their conditions.

Description of the Mobile Health Application

The mobile health application, named M-Promo CARE, will have two sections, where one section will be used by diabetes case managers and the other part will be accessed by patients and/or their caregivers. The application will be designed such that only one of the two sections can be enabled at a time. If the user registers as a patient, the caregiver section will be disabled. The patient section will have a simple interface to prevent difficulties using the application by allowing patients to easily navigate the content in the application. The key features include:

i. Patient reminders: The diabetes case managers will be able to set alarms to remind patients and/or caregivers of the various health measures that they need to take. Some of the reminders would include medication, physical activity, and appointment reminders. This will enable patients to adhere to the various interventions recommended by their providers to effectively manage their conditions.

ii. Messaging: This feature will allow the diabetes case manager to send messages to the patient and vice versa. This will enable the case manager to remotely monitor patients and address any challenges they may have in managing their conditions.

iii. Health goals: The providers in the interprofessional care team will jointly set goals with patients, which will allow the patients, caregivers, and providers to monitor and understand the patients’ progress in managing their conditions. The level of fulfillment of the health goals may be used to determine the level of adherence to the health measures and identify any patient education needs. The health goals will include weight, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure.

iv. Medication: The app will include information about the patient’s medications, including the drug name, form, dosage, frequency, and administration route. The information will be available both as text information and pre-recorded audio by the providers. This functionality will allow patients to remind themselves about their medications and help them adhere to the treatment plan.

v. Meal plan: This feature will consist of the meal plan developed jointly by the patient and the dietitian, considering the patient's socioeconomic status, cultural factors, and accessibility of the foods. This will promote patient adherence to the meal plan.

vi. Exercise plan: This feature will consist of the exercise and physical activity plan developed jointly by the patient and a trained exercise specialist, considering the patient’s hobbies and frailty.

vii. Community Resources: The app will provide patients with access to information about community resources that can be used to support them in managing their conditions.

viii. Emergency call: Patients will be able to make an emergency call in case of an emergency. This feature will allow patients to access timely emergency care.

ix. GPS Tracking: Case managers will be able to track the location of patients in case of an emergency.

The provider section will have features that will allow providers to communicate with others and patients over the application via audio, text, or images. Providers will be able to access videos instructing them on the various tasks involved in the management of T2DM. The app will allow providers to set up GPS monitoring configurations and edit information entered into the application, including healthcare workers and patient data.

Key Strengths of the Application

Although there are numerous mobile health applications that promise to help patients manage type 2 diabetes, the applications are not integrated into routine diabetes care (Bults et al., 2023). The M-Promo CARE mobile health application addresses this shortcoming by ensuring the application can be individualized to meet the patient’s unique needs. The information in the application is provided by an interprofessional team involved in diabetes care and the patient is involved in the development of the health goals and measures recommended to manage T2DM. The information can be modified with the patient’s changing healthcare needs. Besides, the app will be accessible both online and offline.

Justification of the Project to the Organization

The project is ideal for the organization as it allows the organization to achieve its goal of providing effective and efficient diabetes care, reducing readmissions related to diabetes complications, and improving patients’ quality of life. With the problem of inadequate staffing, promoting diabetes self-management will reduce the overutilization of healthcare resources and associated costs that arise with prolonged hospitalization due to diabetic complications that occur when T2DM is poorly managed. This will free up hospital resources to meet the needs of more patients and move towards improving the health and well-being of the communities we serve. The project will reduce the readmission of T2DM after discharge, which has been a major issue in the hospital. The project will not only result in cost savings but also attract more revenue from the provision of acute care that does not require prolonged hospitalization. The patients will most likely recommend their friends and family members to the facility if they achieve positive health outcomes, which will attract more revenue to the hospital from increased patient inflows and improve the reputation of the organization.

Project Charter

Project Title: Mobile Health Application for Type 2 Diabetes Management Project
Project Start Date: June 3rd, 2024	Project Finish Date: May 4, 2026.
Key Schedule Milestones: · App Design: March 1, 2025. · App Development: April 5, 2025. · Mobile App Testing: October 20, 2025. Mobile App Deployment: May 4, 2026.
Budget Information: $150,000 is budgeted for app design, development, marketing, testing, and deployment costs, which includes $15,000 for app design, $100,000 for app development, $10,000 for marketing, and $25,000 for testing and deployment, including fixing bugs, quality assurance, and adjustments before deployment. $20,000 per year is budgeted for app maintenance and data security, and $99 and $25 per year for publishing costs on Apple and Android, respectively.
Project Manager: Walter M. (712) 456 XXX, [email protected]
Project Objectives: Develop a new mobile health application for helping patients with T2DM to self-manage their conditions. The app will enhance diabetes care and reduce the length of hospitalization of patients with T2DM. The project will enhance patient care by reducing the care burden borne by healthcare professionals in the facility and freeing up nurses to take care of other patients. The project will reduce readmission of T2DM patients, and avoidable hospital visits by patients with diabetes as case managers will be able to interact with patients remotely through the application.
Main Project Success Criteria: The mobile health application is expected to be ready for deployment on May 4, 2026. The app must meet all the design specifications and be tested on time. The project must be completed within the specified budget. The app is expected to improve diabetes management by promoting patient’s self-management skills. The considerations for long-term sustainability include creating a human-centered mobile health app to promote adoption. The app will be available to all patients for free to promote its adoption by avoiding socioeconomic barriers that could prevent patients from using the app due to subscription costs.
Approach: · Submit the design specifications and budget to the CFO. · Recruit credible mobile health app designers and developers. · Educate the interprofessional healthcare team members involved in diabetes management about the need for the application and its benefits to enhance the effectiveness of its use. Gather ideas from the healthcare providers to ensure the app is user-friendly. · Engage patients to educate them about the app, get their opinions, ensure the app meets patient expectations, and address any usability issues that may arise to promote the acceptability of the app. · Involve data security analysts to identify data security concerns and how to address them. · Perform a qualitative and quantitative risk analysis to identify and analyze the risks related to the project, and plan risk responses.
Roles and Responsibilities
Name	Position	Role in the Project
Jack D.	CEO	Project sponsor
Austin K.	CFO	Allocating finances.
Kelly H.	Human Resource Manager	Developing contracts for the project designer and developer.
Whitney T.	Project Manager	Planning, leading, and directing the project.
Kyler E.	Communications Manager	Communicating the project to other stakeholders in the organization.
Martin G.	ICT Manager	Collaborating with the designer and developer to ensure the app meets the design specifications.
Signed of: (Signatures of the stakeholders listed above)
Comments: “The app must meet the design specifications.” Austin K., CFO. “I plead for your cooperation throughout the project.” Whitney T., Project Manager.

Source: Schwalbe (2018).

References

American Diabetes Association. (2023, November 1). New American Diabetes Association report finds annual costs of diabetes to be $412.9 Billion. https://diabetes.org/newsroom/press-releases/new-american-diabetes-association-report-finds-annual-costs-diabetes-be

American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Statistics about diabetes. https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/statistics/about-diabetes

Bults, M., van Leersum, C. M., Olthuis, T. J. J., Bekhuis, R. E. M., & den Ouden, M. E. M. (2023). Mobile health apps for the control and self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Qualitative study on users' acceptability and acceptance. JMIR Diabetes, 8, e41076. https://doi.org/10.2196/41076

Caplan, Z. (2023, May 25). U.S. older population grew from 2010 to 2020 at fastest rate since 1880 to 1890. US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/05/2020-census-united-states-older-population-grew.html

Jones, C.H., & Dolsten, M. (2024). Healthcare on the brink: Navigating the challenges of an aging society in the United States. NPJ Aging 10, 22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00148-2

Kumar, M., Dev, S., Khalid, M. U., Siddenthi, S. M., Noman, M., John, C., Akubuiro, C., Haider, A., Rani, R., Kashif, M., Varrassi, G., Khatri, M., Kumar, S., & Mohamad, T. (2023). The bidirectional link between diabetes and kidney disease: Mechanisms and management. Cureus, 15(9), e45615. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45615

Qin, W., Blanchette, J. E., & Yoon, M. (2020). Self-efficacy and diabetes self-management in middle-aged and older adults in the United States: A systematic review. Diabetes Spectrum, 33(4), 315-323. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds19-0051

Schwalbe, K. (2018). Information technology project management (9th ed.). Cengage Learning US. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9798214345949

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Final submission requirement: format and timeline

 

Your final submission includes:

 

Presentation Video  For the report (including deliverable #1 and #2), produce and share a video recording using PowerPoint (> 15 slides).

Explain the paper 1 that is attached and the Gantt-Chart format you are working on in the power point.

  The topic: A Mobile Health Application for Diabetes Management

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