Objective: 

To recognize differences among types of information and protect yourself from being misled or harmed.

Background:  

It is important to understand the differences among information, disinformation, misinformation, and mal-information because each can have significant impacts on how we perceive and understand the world around us.  According to UNESCO (Ireton & Posetti, 2018):

• Information refers to the factual and accurate knowledge that is presented with the intent of informing and educating.  Information can be obtained from credible sources and can help us make informed decisions. 
• Misinformation refers to information that is false but is not necessarily intended to mislead.  Misinformation can be spread unintentionally, such as through rumors or misunderstandings, or intentionally, such as through satire or clickbait headlines.   
• Disinformation refers to deliberately false or misleading information that is spread with the intent to deceive or manipulate.  Disinformation can be used to promote a particular agenda or to undermine the credibility of individuals or institutions. 
• Mal-information refers to true information that is shared with the intent to harm or deceive.  Mal-information can include selectively sharing information out of context, using true information to spread conspiracy theories, or sharing personal information with the intent to harm an individual or a group. 

Activity:

After reviewing the Week 3 Learning Resources, reply to this post with a thoughtful, comprehensive response that addresses the following: 

A. Research an example of misinformation or misrepresentation on the internet or in social media (such as image or text manipulation, information distortion, fiction, selection editing, and bias).

B. Provide some background for context in your reply to this post. Include a URL for the example in your response so that we all can review your example.

C. Then, respond to the following questions:   

• Why, in your opinion, is this an example of misinformation or misrepresentation?  
• Why do you think it is egregious?  
• How does bias play a role in this example's misinformation /misrepresentation?  

Complete your response by connecting your ideas to the course content that you were asked to read and use American Psychological Association-style in-text citations and end-of-text references. If you are unfamiliar with that reference style, you can find examples in our library's APA 7th Edition Citation Examples: General Rules.