1. Review the following international instruments: The Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (the Madrid Agreement) of 1891 as amended, and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks (the Madrid Protocol) of 1989 as amended.

2) How many countries are parties to the Madrid Agreement and how many are parties to the Madrid Protocol? 

3)What do you think account for the disparity in the number of contracting states of the two instruments? 

5. With the aid of decided cases and relevant statutory provisions, distinguish between “identical marks” and “similar marks” for the purposes of trademarks registration.