You must answer each question in your own words accurately and concisely, with a limit of 15 pages.

 

 

 

Questions:  

 

1. define the following terms about mechanisms of action:

 

a. Pharmacokinetic phase:

 

    1) absorption

 

    2) distribution

 

    3) biotransformation

 

    4) elimination

 

b. Pharmacodynamic phase

 

 

 

2. Describe the following drug-related effects and concepts:

 

a. peak drug level

 

b. trough drug level

 

c. agonist

 

d. antagonist

 

e. side effect

 

f. adverse effect

 

g. toxic effect

 

h. biological half-life

 

i. initial loading dose

 

j. tolerance

 

 

 

List three (3) nursing interventions to prevent errors in administering medications and (3) cultural considerations that should be taken into account in the administration of medications.

 

 

 

4. Pediatrics:   

 

 a.  Describe how the absorption process is affected in the administration of oral medications. 

 

 b. How does irregular peristalsis affect the process of drug absorption?

 

 c. Describe how topical administration affects drug absorption. 

 

 d. List the factors that affect drug distribution. 

 

 e. List eight (8) nursing interventions when safely administering medications to the pediatric client.  (Include estimate, intervention, education, and evaluation).

 

 

 

5. Geriatrics:

 

 a. List eight (8) physiological changes in the older adult. 

 

 b. Describe how drug absorption is affected in geriatrics. 

 

 c. Explain how drug distribution is affected in the older adult. 

 

 d. Describe how pharmacodynamics is affected in the geriatric adult. 

 

 e. State eight (8) nursing interventions when safely administering medications to the geriatric client.  (Include estimate, intervention, education, and evaluation).

 

 

 

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