This is a two part assignment for introduction to public policy . This is a two part assignment for introduction to public policy . Part 1 Answer one essay question from the list provided i n atleast 600 words. Take care to address each component of the exam...
Essay–1000 words–worth 20%U Along with your print ad, please submit an essay that explains why you designed your ad the way you did. • Identify your target audience/consumer group (who are your target consumers? what traits/interests define them?) • Explain your advertising strategy (how have you targeted your target consumers?) •...
Assessment Description Empirical research is the foundation to scholarly research and scholarly writing. An empirical article is defined as one that reports actual results of a research study. An empirical article will include a description of the study, an introduction, a research question, an explanation of...
Prior to beginning work on this assignment, read the following: Chapter 3 in the course textbook. Appendices A and B in the course textbook. The case study titled “Proactive Prevention” at the end of Section 3.5 in the course textbook. SWOT Analysis For guidance on creating the SWOT analysis, see...
For this discussion, research a rulemaking that interests you that is published in the Federal Register by the FAA or DOT. Write a short synopsis of the rulemaking including the current status. Follow this guidance for your research: Go to the Federal Register website. Enter “DOT NPRM” in...
For this assessment, you will develop a Word document or an online resource repository of at least 12 annotated professional or scholarly resources that you consider critical for the audience of your safety improvement plan, pertaining to medication administration, to understand or implement to ensure...
For this assessment, use the context of the organization where you conducted your interview to develop a viable plan for an interdisciplinary team to address the issue you identified. Define a specific patient or organizational outcome or objective based on the information gathered in your...
lease read the attached article and answer the question below: Do you think it is reasonable to expect nurses to stay current regarding new research/Evidence-Based Practice findings in their area of practice? Or is this an agency/organization responsibility? Requirements: one paragraph IntroductionBackground:Thisstudyaimedtoidentifyclinicalnurses'evidence-basedpractice(EBP)knowledge,beliefs,organizationalreadiness,andEBPimplementationlevels,andtodeterminethefactorsthataffectEBPimplementationinordertosuccessfullyestablishEBP.Thisstudywasconductedatauniversity-affiliatedtertiaryhospitallocatedinaprovincialareainKorea.TheresearchdesignwasbasedonMelnykandFineout-Overholt'sAdvancingResearch&ClinicalPracticethroughCloseCollaborationmodelasthefirststep.Methods:Adescriptiveandcross-sectionaldesignwasconductedandaconveniencesampleof521full-timeregisterednursesfroman849-bedtertiaryhospitalwereincluded.StructuredquestionnaireswereusedtoassessEBPknowledge,EBPbeliefs,organizationalculture&readinessandEBPimplementation.DatawereanalyzedusingSPSSV25.0byusingdescriptiveandinferentialstatisticsandhierarchicalmultipleregressionwasperformedtodeterminethefactorsaffectingtheimplementationofEBP.Results:OurfindingsshowedthattheclinicalnurseshadapositivelevelofEBPbeliefs,butthelevelofEBPknowledge,organizationalreadinessandEBPimplementationwereinsufficient.EBPknowledge,beliefs,andorganizationalreadinessweresignificantlypositivelycorrelatedwithEBPimplementation.Inthefinalmodel,EBPknowledgeandorganizationalreadinessweresignificantpredictorsofEBPimplementation;themodelpredicted22.2%ofthevarianceinimplementation.Conclusions:Basedontheseresults,themainfocusofthestudywastheimportanceofindividualnurses'effortsincarryingoutEBP,butabovealleffortstocreateanorganizationalculturetoprepareandsupportEBPatthenursingorganizationlevel.IntheinitialprocessofintroducingandestablishingEBP,nurseadministratorswillneedtominimizeexpectedbarriers,enhancefacilitators,andstrivetobuildaninfrastructurebasedonvision,policy-making,budgeting,excellentpersonnelandfacilitieswithintheorganization.Evidence-basedpractice(EBP)isaproblem-solvingapproachtoclinicalcarethatincorporatestheconscioususeofthebestavailablescientificevidence,clinicians'expertise,andpatients'values[[1]].Thisleadstosafepatientcareandpositivepatientoutcomes,reducesnursingtimeandmedicalcoststhroughstandardizationofnursingpractice[[2]–[5]].Italsoimprovesprofessionalautonomyandjobsatisfactionforclinicalnurses,ultimatelybringingpotentialbenefitstopatients,nursesandthehealthcaresystem[[6]–[8]].Forthisreason,EBPhasemergedasacentralconceptintheplanningandimplementationofhealthcaresystemsworldwide.AsEBPrapidlyreplacesthetraditionalparadigmofauthorityinhealthcaredecision-making,healthprofessionalshaveanobligationtoaccessknowledge,applyitinpractice,andleadotherstouseitappropriately[[8]–[10]].Westerncountries,suchastheUnitedStates(US),UnitedKingdom(UK),andAustralia,haveemphasizednursingthroughEBPsincethe1990s,andthereareactivemovementssuchasdevelopingevidence-basedguidelinesprovidingvariousresourcesrelatedtoEBPfromorganizationsspecializedinEBP(Cochrane,JoannaBriggsInstitute,etc.)[[11]].Inaddition,theInstituteofMedicinepresentedEBPcompetencyasoneofthefivecorecompetenciesofhealthcareprofessionals[[13]],andtheAmericanAssociationofCollegesofNursingalsopresentedEBPasoneofthenineessentialelementsofprofessionalnursingpractice[[14]].Overthepast30years,therehasbeenmarkedtheoreticalandpracticalgrowthassociatedwithEBP,includingeducationandtrainingforEBPinnursingpractice,andresearchconductedincludingvariousfacilitationstrategies[[9],[15]].InKorea,however,EBPinnursingwasfirstintroducedintheearly2000s[[16]].AwarenessontheimportanceofEBPhasspreadaroundmajorlargetertiaryhospitalsinSeoul,buttheactualperformanceofEBPhasbeenreportedtobepooroutsideofthemetropolitanarea[[17]–[19]].Astudyinvolving437nursesattertiaryhospitalsconductedin2004,whichwastheveryfirsttimetheconceptofEBPwasintroducedinKorea,foundthat58%ofnursesdidnotperformnursingpracticeaccordingtothelatestguidelines[[20]].KoreannurseswerereportedtobeunderperformingEBPuntilrecently[[19]].In2013,only12ofthe30tertiaryhospitalssurveyed(40.0%)wereorganizedbyEBPcommitteesandwereconductingEBP-relatedclinicalnursingstudies[[18]].Althoughvariouseffortshavebeenmadeto promoteEBPinKoreainrecentyears,itisapparentthatinstitutionalsupportforEBPisnotsystematicandinsufficientthroughoutthecountry.BarrierstoconductingEBPforKoreannursesinclude:thelackofknowledgeandskills,lackofbeliefandcapacity,lackofdatabaseaccessandutilization,andinsufficientcriticalthinkingandmotivation[[20]–[22]].ThebarrierstoconductingEBPinKoreaattheorganizationallevelareorganizationalculture,insufficienteducationprograms,lackofwell-trainedEBPexperts,lackoftime,andinadequatecommunication[[20],[23]].WhileEBPisavaluableconcept,itisdifficultforanursetoimplementitfirstbeforeanursingorganizationembracesthisnewconcept[[24]].Therefore,forasuccessfulimplementationofEBP,thereadinessofanindividualnurseandorganizationmustbeassessed.First,EBPimplementationisinfluencedbytheknowledge,skills,andbeliefsoftheindividualnurseonEBP[[22],[25]].Attheorganizationallevel,itisnecessarytocreateanorganizationalculturethatstrengthensandsupportsthenurse'svaluesandbeliefsonEBP,andtosharethecommonbeliefsorvaluesofitsmemberstoachievethecommongoalofsuccessfulimplementationofEBP[[12],[27]].ItisalsoimportanttoprovidetrainingprogramsfornursestostrengthentheirEBPcapabilitiesandtofosterleaderswhocaneffectivelyleadEBPimplementation[[7],[28]].TherearevariousstrategicmodelsforsuccessfulEBPimplementation[[15]].TheAdvancingResearchandClinicalPracticethroughCloseCollaboration(ARCC©)modelproposedbyMelnykandFineout-Overholt[[24]]isarepresentativestrategicmodelthatemphasizespersonalandorganizationalelements.TheARCC©,astrategicmodeldevelopedbytheEBPcenteroftheUniversityofArizonaintheUS,proposestheuseofmethodologicalstrategiestopromotetheimplementationofEBPbasedontheclosecooperationbetweenclinicalnursesandresearchers[[24]].ThefirststepintheARCC©modelistoassesstheorganizationalcultureandreadinessofthemedicalinstitutiontosuccessfullyestablishEBP.Thiswillhelpidentifythestrengthsandbarriersoftheorganizationandimprovethenurses'knowledgeon,beliefregarding,andcapacitytoadoptandimplementEBPthrougheducationandtraining,environmentalimprovement,andorganizationalsupportwhilefocusingonmentorswhoactasfacilitatorsintheperformanceofEBP[[24],[30]].SuccessfulimplementationofEBPcanincreasethejobsatisfactionofprofessionalnursesandultimatelyimprovenursing-sensitiveoutcomes[[6],[31]].TheconceptualframeworkinthisstudywasconstructedbasedontheARCC©model.Todate,onlyafewstudieshaveevaluatedthelevelofpreparation,correlation,andinfluencingfactorsofEBPimplementationamongindividualnursesandorganizationsinKorea.Thisstudywasconductedatauniversity-affiliatedtertiaryhospitallocatedinaprovincialareainKorea,asthefirststepinimplementingEBPinaccordancewiththeARCC©model.Thisstudyaimedtoidentifytheclinicalnurses'EBPknowledge,beliefs,organizationalreadiness,andEBPimplementationlevels,andtodeterminethefactorsthataffectEBPimplementationinordertosuccessfullyestablishEBP.Thespecificobjectivesofthisstudywereasfollows:●Toidentifytheclinicalnurses'EBPknowledge,beliefs,organizationalreadiness,andEBPimplementationlevels●Toexaminethedifferencesinclinicalnurses'EBPknowledge,beliefs,organizationalreadiness,andEBPimplementationlevelsbasedonthegeneralandresearch-relatedcharacteristicsofparticipantsandexploretherelationshipsamongthesevariables●ToidentifythefactorsthataffectEBPimplementationMethodsStudydesignandparticipantsThiswasacross-sectional,descriptivestudy.Theparticipantswererecruitedfroman849-bedacutecaretertiaryhospitalinSouthKorea.Conveniencesamplingwasusedtoselectfull-timeregisterednurses employedatthishospital.ThesamplesizerequiredforthemultipleregressionanalysiswascalculatedusingG-Power3.1[[33]],withaneffectsizeof0.02,significancelevelof0.05,andtestpowerof0.80with14predictors.Itwasdeterminedthatatleast485participantswererequiredforanalysis.However,thisstudywasthefirststepinvolvedintheARCC©model,andallnursesweresurveyedtoidentifythecurrentstateofnursesbelongingtotheabovementionedhospital.Amongthe632registerednurses,82ofthefollowingnurseswereexcludedfromthesurvey:1)part-timenurses,2)nursesparticipatingintrainingfornewnurseswithoutfull-timeassignmentsinthehospital,and3)laboratoryandresearchnursesnotinvolvedwithdirectpatientcare.Atotalof550questionnairesweredistributed;521werereturned(94.7%responserate).Finally,521whofullyunderstoodthepurposeofthisstudyandvoluntarilyconsentedtoparticipatewereincluded.Participantsincludedclinicalnursesworkinginthewardsandspecialunits,clinicalnursespecialists,nursemanagers,andnurseadministrators.MeasurementsThisstudyusedstructuredquestionnaires,consistingofthefollowingitems:generalandresearch-relatedcharacteristics(13),EBPknowledge(14),EBPbeliefs(16),organizationalreadinessforEBP(25),andEBPimplementation(18).ThemeasurementsusedinthisstudywereapprovedbytheoriginalauthorsandtranslatedversionsintoKoreanhavealreadybeenusedinthepreviousstudies[[19],[22],[34]].However,researchershavemodifiedandsupplementedsomeoftheitemswithwordsorexpressionsthatarecommonlyusedbynursesinthishospitalwherethestudywasconducted.Priortothesurvey,apilottestoffiveclinicalnursesidentifiedandrevisedproblematicquestionnaireitems.Thedetailsofthemeasurementsforeachvariableareasfollows.EBPknowledgeParticipants'knowledgeinimplementingEBPwasmeasuredusingknowledge-relatedquestionsfromtheEvidence-basedPracticeQuestionnaire,developedbyUpton&Upton[[35]].Thistoolconsistsof14items,including"convertingyourinformationneedsintoaresearchquestion"and"abilitytoanalyzecritically,evidenceagainstsetstandards."Responsescoresonthescalerangefrom1(verylacking)to7(excellent).Possibletotalscoresrangefrom14to98points,withhigherscoresindicatinghigherlevelsofknowledgeregardingEBP.Atthetimeofitsdevelopment,theCronbach'salphaofthetoolwas0.91[[35]]and0.93forKoreannurses[[19]].Inthisstudy,theCronbach'salphawasfoundtobe0.83.EBPbeliefsParticipants'beliefsinvaluingEBPweremeasuredusingtheEvidence-basedPracticeBeliefs(EBPB)tool,developedbyMelnykandcolleagues[[36]].Thistoolconsistsof16questions.ExamplesoftheitemsintheEBPBinclude"IamsurethatIcanimplementEBPinatimeefficientway"and"Iamsureabouthowtomeasuretheoutcomesofclinicalcare."Eachquestionisratedonafive-pointLikertscale(1=stronglydisagree,5=stronglyagree),butscoringforitems11and13wasreversed.Possibletotalscoresrangefrom16to80points,withhigherscoresindicatingpositiveEBPbeliefs.Atthetimeofitsdevelopment,theCronbach'salphaofthetoolwas0.90[[36]]and0.88forKoreannurses[[34]].Inthisstudy,theCronbach'salphawasfoundtobe0.81.OrganizationalreadinessforEBPTheorganization'scultureanditsreadinessforsystem-wideEBPimplementationweremeasuredusingtheOrganizationalCultureandReadinessScaleforSystem-WideIntegrationofEvidence-BasedPractice(OCRSIEP)[[27]].TheOCRSIEPscalewasdevelopedtomeasurethelevelsofreadinessinperformingEBP,attheorganizationallevel,andconsistsof25questionsthatofferinsightsintothestrengthsofand opportunitiesrelatedtofosteringEBP.Possibletotalscoresrangefrom25to125points,indicatingthatthehigherthescore,thebettertheorganizationalreadinessandculturalcultivationforimplementingEBP.Thefollowingquestionsareasked:"TowhatextentisEBPclearlydescribedascentraltothemissionandphilosophyofyourinstitution?"and"TowhatextentisthenursingstaffwithwhomyouworkcommittedtoEBP?"Atthetimeofitsdevelopment,theCronbach'salphaofthetoolwas0.94[[27]]and0.95forKoreannurses[[22]].Inthisstudy,theCronbach'salphawasfoundtobe0.87.EBPimplementationThefrequencyofperformingEBP-relatedactivitieswasmeasuredusingtheEvidence-BasedPracticeImplementationtool,developedbyMelnykandcolleagues[[36]].Thistoolconsistsof18questionspertainingtohowoften,inthelast8weeks,participantsperformedcertainEBPactivities,suchas"GeneratedaPICOT(P=patient,I=intervention,C=comparison,O=outcome,T=time)questionaboutmyclinicalpractice,""AccessedtheNationalGuidelinesClearinghouse,"and"Evaluatedacareinitiativebycollectingpatientoutcomedata."Responsesonthescalerangefrom0(0times)to4(over8times).Thepossibletotalscoresrangefrom0to72points,withhigherscoresindicatinghigherlevelsofcommitmenttoimplementingEBP-relatedactivities.Atthetimeofitsdevelopment,theCronbach'salphaofthetoolwas0.96[[36]]and0.95forKoreannurses[[22]].Inthisstudy,theCronbach'salphawasfoundtobe0.81.DatacollectionandethicalconsiderationsTheInstitutionalReviewBoard(IRB)approvalwasobtainedpriortodatacollectionfromtheauthors'institution(no.2-1041055-AB-N-01-2018-10,ChosunUniversityInstitutionalReviewBoard).DatawerecollectedfromDecember2017toJanuary2018.Fordatacollection,wecontactedanurseadministratoratChosunUniversityHospitalandexplainedthepurposeofthisstudy.ChosunUniversityHospitalisaprivateuniversity-affiliated,tertiarycarehospitallocatedinGwangjucity,SouthKorea.ItislocatedinGwangjuMetropolitanCityinthesoutherndistrictofKoreaandisinchargeofmedicalservicesinJeollaprovince.Thehospitalconsistsof849beds,with25medicaldepartmentsinoperation,including15generalwards,4intensivecareunits,regionalemergencymedicalcenter,operatingrooms,outpatientdepartments,andlaboratories.Aresearchervisitedthehospitaltoexplainthepurposeofthisstudyaswellastheinclusioncriteriatothenurseunitmanagers,duringasupervisormeeting.Thequestionnaireswereenclosedindifferentenvelopesforeachwardanddistributedbythestaffandassistantsofthenursingeducationteamwhodidnotparticipateinthissurvey.Thecollectionboxesweremadeanddistributedtoeachward,andnurseswereallowedtosubmitquestionnairesvoluntarilyatanytime.Toensureanonymityoftheparticipants,theconsentformwasgiveninwritingwithamarkornumbersthatcouldonlybeknowntothemselves.Therefore,allnurses,whosequestionnaireswerecollected,wereconsideredtohaveparticipatedinthisstudyoftheirownwill.StatisticalanalysisDataanalysiswasperformedusingSPSSV25.0.Descriptivestatistics,includingthemeans,standarddeviations,frequencies,andpercentages,wereusedtodescribetheparticipants'generalandresearch-relatedcharacteristics,andEBP-relatedvariables.Differencesbetweenmajorvariables,byparticipants'characteristics,wereanalyzedthroughindependentt-tests,analysisofvariance,andScheffetest.TherelationshipsbetweenmajorvariableswereanalyzedusingPearson'scorrelationcoefficient.HierarchicalmultipleregressionwasperformedtodeterminethefactorsaffectingtheimplementationofEBP. ResultsGeneralandresearch-relatedcharacteristicsoftheparticipantsTable1presentstheparticipants'characteristics.Themeanageofallparticipantswas31.9±9.2years,with58.9%aged21to30.Theiroverallclinicalexperiencewas9.0+4.2y...
Psychobiography Draft Paper A psychobiography is the answer to the question, “Why is this person like he/she is?” Psychobiography uses explanation and interpretation of the events, relationships, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of a person’s life to explain the person they are today (or the person they...
For this assignment, you will work on setting goals for yourself using the SMART method. You will find an explanation of this method in the module that will guide you in your goal-setting process. You will list a minimum of five professional goals that you...