Scenario:  J.S. is an 8-year-old male who is short in stature. His parents have  become concerned as J.S. has been wetting his bed, drinking a lot of  water, and appears sluggish. The doctor orders several blood tests after  J.S.'s urine test was positive for glucose and ketones. As a nosologist  you have been asked to write a memo that covers the following topics.

1. List and briefly discuss 3-5 disease(s) that should be ruled out in this patient.
    
2. List and describe the tests that are used to diagnose diabetes.
    
3. List and discuss the symptoms of diabetes.
    
4. Discuss the treatment(s) and prognosis.