18 Apr you will again be making a concept map covering sections 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 and 10.5. Remember to include prepositions and a paragraph explaining your thought process in creating your map. I

Thought Process

I started with the concepts and definitions of probability. I defined the probability as a measure of the likelihood of a random phenomenon/ chance behavior occurring. It also defined the law of large numbers. It then branched into three types of probability which include subjective, classical, and empirical. It then branched into two rules of probability. The rules include 0≤P(E)≤1 and P(E1) + P(E2) + .. P(En) =1. Lastly, it branched into four formulas that are used to compute probabilities. They include addition rule, General addition rule, Multiplication rule, and Complement rule.

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Chapter 10 One Sample Hypothesis Testing

A hypothesis test is used when a researcher wants to test a previous statistic to see if it is different now than it was before. In order for s statics to change the new survey must provide significant evidence that the statistic has changed.

Hypotheses:

1. Null hypothesis, is the original statement or statistic that has been verified. Always in the form of

2. Alternate hypothesis, The statement or claim that is being tested.

Choices:

1. Reject

2. Fail to reject

We make our choice based on the P-value. A P-value is the probability that a random sample would give the results in this second survey. The further the survey results are from the original the smaller the probability, because these significant changes are not just by chance.

Proportions

Information you will be given:

· Percentage/proportion from a prior study

· New survey total polled

· New survey amount that answered a certain way

· Level of significance

· Statement about a new claim

In 1997, 46% of Americans said they did not trust the media “when it comes to reporting the news fully, accurately and fairly”. In a 2007 poll of 1010 adults nationwide, 525 stated they did not trust the media. At the α = 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence to support the claim that the percentage of Americans that do not trust the media to report fully and accurately has increased since 1997?

By Statcrunch: Stat->Proportion Stats->One sample->with summary

Those in favor->

Total surveyed->

Select Hypothesis test->

Enter null and alternate based -> on the previous studies and new claim

Compare P to

· If Reject

· If Fail to Reject

Writing a conclusion

1. If you reject: There is sufficient evidence that the proportion of the population that _____ is __ ”claim”___

2. If you do not reject: There is NOT sufficient evidence that the proportion of the population that _____ is __ ”claim”___

Means

Information you will be given:

· Mean from a previous study

· Number of people surveyed

· New study mean

· New study standard deviation

· Level of significance

· Statement about a new claim

According to the American Time Use Survey, the typical American spends 154.8 minutes per day watching television. Do Internet users spend less time each day watching television? A survey of 50 Internet users results in a mean time watching television per day of 128.7 minutes, with a standard deviation of 46.5 minutes. Conduct the appropriate test to determine if Internet users spend less time watching television at the level of significance.

By Statcrunch: Stat->T-stats->One sample->with summary

Sample Mean->

Sample Standard deviation ->

Sample size->

Select Hypothesis test->

Enter null and alternate based -> on the previous studies and new claim

Compare P to

· If Reject

· If Fail to Reject

T-Statistic similar to Z-score

Writing a conclusion

1. If you reject: There is sufficient evidence that the mean of the population that _____ is __ ”claim”___

2. If you do not reject: There is NOT sufficient evidence that the mean of the population that _____ is __ ”claim”___

Standard Deviation/Variance

Information you will be given:

· Standard Deviation from the population

· Number of items surveyed

· New study standard deviation

· Level of significance

· Statement about a new claim

From previous information we know the standard deviation for the resting heart rates of Elgin Community College students was 12bpm. One professor decided to test this claim and got the following heart rates for his students.

Based on this sample, is there enough evidence to say that the standard deviation of the rest heart rates for students in this class is different from 12bpm?

By Statcrunch: enter the data into a column then click Stat->Variance stats->One sample->with data

Select the column ->

Select Hypothesis test ->

Enter the VARIANCE ->

Variance = standard deviation squared

Test Stat P-Value

Compare P to

· If Reject

· If Fail to Reject

Writing a conclusion

1. If you reject: There is sufficient evidence that the standard deviation of the population that _____ is __ ”claim”___

2. If you do not reject: There is NOT sufficient evidence that the standard deviation of the population that _____ is __ ”claim”___

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Data was collected by the American Consumer Survey as a part of the Census in the year 2013. The data was discussed in this project is the income of White Women, Black Women and All Males…. (continue with your introduction of the topic- DO NOT COPY MINE). The first(later you will use next) part of this study will look at (Fill in with the test you will be doing). The results of that test can be seen here.

Input the image of the results. Please adjust it to be of appropriate size to be seen and for one graph to not take up an entire page. You can make the images smaller to fit nicely in the paper. *If you have multiple images, shrink them to all fit in a single row.

Discuss your findings: We can see from the graph/table etc… Whatever you have to discuss here from the first test you should. The more specific with the values and data the better.

The next part of this study will look at the (fill in the test). You can then explain why you may run this test, or what kind of things it will show…. The results of that test can be seen here:

Input the image of the test

Make sure it is appropriate size

If you make them individual make them small enough to fit in a line for comparison.

Discuss the findings: Again in paragraph form. Complete sentences, proper grammar, professional sounding research paper.

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Statcrunch Chapter 10

This project requires you to look at income data from 51 different areas (50 states and D.C.). This data has a column for each of the following: White Women, Black Women, All Men. This is actual data comprised from the Census 2013 American Consumer Surveys. The goal is to work with real data, run statistics and draw conclusion on the difference or similarities in income based on race. There are 5 parts to this project that you will work on during 5 different weeks of the course. You will be writing conclusions, differences and similarities between the data sets after each part so in the end you have a complete report that will be submitted. In the end your findings should discuss the discrepancies in income based on race. Each week I will grade your submission and provide feedback on parts you should redo before completing the final project at the end of the semester.

Part 4

Task 1: Open the Income data set in Statcrunch.

Task 2: By this point you have probably noticed that Whites seems to be making more money. Perform a one sample hypothesis test to see if the Average White Woman Income is greater than the Average Black Woman Income. Remembering that the average Black woman income is $33620. Use alpha of .05 to discuss the conclusion.

Task 3: You will also probably have noticed that Women income is less than male income. Perform a hypothesis test to see if the White Woman income is less than the average Male income. Remember that the average Male income is $47337. Use an alpha of .05 to discuss the conclusion.

Task 4: Type your findings. Be sure to include the interpretation or conclusion statement and if we should or should not reject the null. Have we finally shown with proof that there is a difference in income made based on your race and or gender? How can you be sure?

***Step by Step directions for Statcrunch are on the following Pages

***Please follow formatting guidance provided in the case study template

Performing a One Sample Hypothesis Test:

Make sure you have opened the Income data set. Click Stats T-Stats One Sample With Data. Select only White to start. Then in the hypothesis test we want to change the alternate to greater than and the mean equals value to 33620. Click compute to run the test.

Make sure you highlight, copy and paste this data into your write up.

You are now going to perform the second hypothesis test. Click Stats T-Stats One Sample With Data. Select White to start. Then in the hypothesis test we want to change the alternate to less than and the mean equals value to 47337. Click compute to run the test. Highlight, copy and paste this data into your write up.

Now type your findings for the week. Be sure to list the hypotheses, P value, alpha value, whether you reject or do not reject the null, and write an interpretation sentence. This should be done for each of the two hypothesis you preformed. Have you finally shown with proof that there is a difference in income made based on your race? How can you be sure? Discuss your conclusions.

Please be sure to review proper formatting in the case study template. You should be explaining the null and alternative hypotheses and why they are the way they are BEFORE posting the results of the test.

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